WHITE-WINGED PIED WAGTAIL. 89 



mages from Amoy, and one adult summer male from Tientsin. This 

 permanently grey-backed race I have named ocularis. In Japan a 

 race occurs, similar to the Chinese bird in having the broad white 

 forehead, but resembling the true M. lugubris (31. vidua, C. R. B.) 

 in its summer black back. 



"The following diagnosis will, I think, serve to distinguish the 

 three races or species : — 



1. Motacilla lugubris, Tern., 31. albeola var. lugens, Tern., (31. vidua, 

 Sundevall, C. R. B.) From two specimens shot by Mr. Tristram, 2nd. 

 February, 1860, in Egypt. The pectoral band incomplete, showing 

 the birds to be in winter plumage. Forehead black; upper parts 

 blackish brown, with no indications of bluish grey ; the primaries are 

 white for only one third at their bases, and the lateral tail feather 

 is entirely tohite. Habitat, shores of Black Sea; Odessa; Turkey; 

 Egypt, (in winter.) 



2. Motacilla Japonica, Swinhoe, 31. lugubris seu lugens, Tem. and 

 Schlegel, ' Faun. Japon.' The adult summer plumage of this race 

 has been correctly figured in ' Fauna Japonica.' The forehead is 

 always tohite, greater part of jirimaries pure white, but the tohite 

 lateral tail feathers with a black inner edge. In winter its back be- 

 comes smoke grey, but always more or less patched with black, with 

 a black shoulder. Habitat, Japan; struggles to the China coast in 

 winter. 



3. 3Iotacilla ocularis, Swinhoe, 31. alba var. lugens, Von Schrenck 

 and Midd., 31. albeola var. kamtschatica, Pall. Back, scapulars, and 

 shoulder patch perennially light French grey; quills more or less 

 broadly edged with white, never so entirely white as in foregoing; 

 lateral white tail feathers broadly edged interiorly with black. In 

 summer the breast blackens to the bill, leaving however the cheeks 

 and side of neck white as before; the plumage remains otherwise the 

 same. Habitat, Eastern Siberia; China; Formosa; through Amoorland 

 to Kamtschatka. Some stay all the year round in South China and 

 Formosa. ***** 



"Bree is certainly wrong in the blue coloration of the back in his 

 plate, for neither of Mr. Tristram's birds shows any trace of it." 



With regard to this last remark I have to observe that I correctly 

 figured the bird sent to me by Mr. Tristram, which was marked — ■ 

 "Assouan, Feb. 2, 1860, W. C. P. Medlycott," as I stated in the text. 

 I also described in my "specific characters," that the rump was ash 

 grey but the back sooty black. 



Canon Tristram has kindly lent me the skin which was figured in 

 the first edition, and there, true enough, is the grey rump, notwith- 



VOL. III. N 



