158 RUSTIC BUNTING. 



synonymes of the latter, both E. lesbia and E. provincialis, and in a 

 note, page 83, he remarks, — "This pretty species differs from E. rustica, 

 by the beak, which is more curved, and the feet, which are more 

 robust; the beak of E. rustica is straight and awl-shaped, absolutely 

 like that of E. pusilla. In winter, and when they are young, E. 

 fucata and E. rustica resemble each other very much in the plumage." 

 Gould figures E. lesbia and E. rustica. Temminck describes E. rustica, 

 but he also introduces E. lesbia as the Mitilene de Provence of Buffon, 

 and E. provincialis as the Bruant Gavoue of Buffon. Degland follows 

 Schlegel. 



It appears that amidst all this confusion there are two species as 

 described by Schlegel, namely, E. rustica and E. fucata, but there is 

 really no authority for the introduction of the latter bird into the 

 European list. To clear up the matter, I placed myself in communi- 

 cation with the best ornithologists in Europe, and I will here insert 

 at length a letter with which I have been kindly favoured by Professor 

 Blasius, of Brunswick, whose great knowledge of European birds gives 

 a high value to his opinion upon the subject. 



"Brunswick, Jan. 12th., 1861. 



"Sir, — It seems to me that confusion among the species of the 

 genus Emberiza is greater than in any other family of Passerines. 

 The distinct species which are known to me as European, are as 

 follows : — 



1. — Emberiza striolata, Lichtenstein. In Africa, accidentally in Spain. 

 One individual, from the south of France, is in the collection at Vienna. 



2. — E. miliaria, Europe, E. caspia, Menetries. From the original 

 types at St. Petersburgh. 



3. — E. melanocephala, Scopoli. Southern Europe. $ E. granitivora, 

 Menetries. From the original type at St. Petersburgh. $ Euspiza 

 dolyclionica, Bonaparte. From the original drawing of Bonaparte. 

 N.B. — E. icterina, Eversmann. Asia. Bonaparte gives this as European 

 without adducing any proof. 



4. — E. aureola, Pallas. North of Europe — North of Russia. 



5. — E. citrinella, Linnaeus. Europe. 



6. — E. cirlus, Linnaeus. South of Europe. 



7. — E. hortulanus , Linnaeus. Europe, (b,) Southern Russia E. ccesia, 

 Cretzschmaer. 



8. — E. chrysophrys, Pallas. Northern Asia. Accidentally at Lisle. 



9. — E. cia, Linnaeus. South of Europe, (b,) Eastern Russia E. 

 cioides, Brandt; E. ciopsis, Bonaparte. N.B. — Bonaparte gives this 

 variety of E. cia as European, without producing any proof. 



