Proceedings of Royal Society of Canada. 147 
Winnipeg. Further, whilst during a part of this colder 
period, there was a high northern temperate vegetation, 
including in it such trees as the balsam poplar, the white 
cedar, and the mountain maple, there is some evidence in 
the North-West that since the close of tertiary times there 
have been two separate periods of cold, intermediate 
between which was a milder period when a vegetation on 
a considerable scale flourished. During perhaps each of 
these periods of cold the central parts of the continent 
formed a great inland, probably fresh water, sea, of the 
later of which the present Lakes Manitoba, Winnipegosig 
and Winnipeg are the remnants. 
PROCEEDINGS OF RoyaL SocieTy oF CANADA.! 
With Notes by A. T. Drummonp. 
. Under the presidency of Dr. Lawson, of Dalhousie Col- 
lege, Halifax, the Royal Society of Canada commenced on 
the 21st May the sessions of its annual meeting at Ottawa. 
There was a smaller attendance of members than could 
have been desired. The great length of the journey to 
Ottawa must no doubt deter some members from being 
annually present, and unforeseen reasons must occasionally 
prevent others; but the absence of so many members is apt 
to be construed into a lack of appreciation by them of the 
Society’s work, and is, besides, discouraging to those who 
have interesting papers to read. It was thought by some 
that a change in the date of the annual meeting might 
secure a better attendance. 
PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS. 
The annual address of the President was listened to, as 
usual, with great interest The following extracts give the 
leading features of Dr, Lawson’s address :— 
‘Abstracts marked with an asterisk have for the most part been 
specially prepared for the Record by the authors of the papers. 
