Proceedings of Royal Society of Canada. 165 
ment and the directions of the bays and points depending 
on the combined effect of cleavage, stratification and the 
course of the drift. 
The formation of the deep valleys in which the rivers 
flow in the prairie country was explained, and also the 
cause of the formation of the ridges and valleys in the 
continuation of the Appalachian structure in the Eastern 
Townships and in Gaspé. 
On Some Relations Between the Geology of Maine and New 
Brunswick.* 
By Prorsssor L, W. BaiLey. 
“This paper contains a review of the geology of the border 
region of Maine and New Brunswick, as based upon the in- 
vestigations of the Geological Survey of the latter province 
during the last twenty years, its purpose being to show 
more particularly what conclusions of general importanee 
as to this region may be regarded as fairly established, 
what points are still doubtful, and in what ways the ascer- 
tained geology of New Brunswick may be thought to 
throw light, not only upon that of Maine, but also of the 
whole of New England. 
“ After pointing out the importance which the position of 
the province gives it as a geological indicator, and the fact 
that this is greatly enhanced by the comparatively large 
number of fossiliferous horizons recognizable within its 
limits, a review of the successive formations as passed over 
in a section from south to north along the boundary line is 
given, the main points discussed being (1) the Silurian 
rocks of Passamaquoddy Bay and their relations to the 
associated formations, with comments upon observations 
recently made in that vicinity by Prof. N.S. Shaler (Am. Jour. 
of Sc., July, 1886); (2) the age of the slates and granites 
which traverse central New Brunswick and pass into Maine 
along the course of the St. Croix River, the slates being re- 
garded as consisting partly of Cambro-Silurian and partly 
