228 Canadian Record of Science. 
Circumference below ring.....-..- Sdd00- 50 193 inches. 
“ soon“ g6dGdococg doodoc 26 i 
The diameter of the tree has thus become two inches greater 
above than it is below the ring. The condition of the bark 
and cambium layer below the wound shows that the surface 
of the tree has died for a considerable distance (over six 
inches.) Above the wound, the bark and cambium are 
living and seem to have pushed down over the scar about 
half an inch. The same process had been evidently begun 
below the ring before the death of the cambium layer. 
From measurements made five years ago, I should judge 
that the tree must have been ringed at least ten years before 
that date, so that this tree has survived its injury probably 
fifteen years. Unfortunately the notes of the first measure- 
ment are not at hand for comparison. At that date the 
ringed tree seemed almost as thrifty as its companion, but 
the foliage showed some signs of imperfect nutrition. At 
present, the tree is in much poorer condition, many of the 
branches being dead and the foliage scanty on those that 
are living. 
The problem is: How has the tree been nourished since 
it was ringed? Is it a case like that often occurring in 
surgical cases and depending on the anastomosis of arteries ? 
Is it possible that the subsidiary channels of communication 
between the earth and the branches enlarged to meet the 
emergency for a time, but not sufficiently to allow the tree 
to live out its life. 
Studley, Halifax, Sept. 1, 1888. 
[It is well known that the general nutrition of a tree is 
dependent upon the movement of fluids upward from the 
soil through the sap wood, in which the process of lignifica- 
tion has been developed in only a slight degree; while the 
formation of the new structure proceeds from tissues nour- 
ished by fluids contained in the living bark, and having a 
general downward direction of movement. In cases of 
girdling, the conductive sap wood becomes exposed to the 
atmosphere and dessication proceeds radially inward, while 
