260 Canadian Record of Science. 
probably before the close of glacial times, and certainly at 
a period when the great inland seas were saline, or ina 
state of transition from saline to fresh water, which the 
gradual change in the elevation of the land would have 
brought about. Their presence so far inland seems a direct 
argument for the saltness of this interior sea at these times, 
and under any circumstances proves, in connection with the 
subarctic and boreal plants of Lake Superior, that the cli- 
mate, at the time of their migration, was not, along the 
shores of that lake more severe than on the coasts of the 
Lower St. Lawrence at the present day. These inland 
maritime plants are all now found there or on the coast of 
Nova Scotia. In further proof of this question of climate, 
does not the comparatively limited flora of the summits of 
the White Mountains, and other considerable heights in 
New England and New York, comprising chiefly four or 
five really arctic and a few subarctic and boreal plants, 
nearly all also found on the coasts of the Lower St. Law- 
rence, of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, or of the adjacent por- 
tions of Labrador, show that the true arctic flora had hardly, 
in glacial times, reached as far south as these mountains? 
Profs. Verrill and 8. J. Smith, in 1871, published in the 
American Journal of Science a list of the deep-water fauna 
dredged by them in Lake Superior. ‘The list is interesting 
as shewing the existence in that lake as well as in Lake 
Michigan of the marine crustaceans Mysis relicta. Loven and 
Pontoporeia affinis, Lindst., previously detected in Lake 
Wetter in Sweden. Both species were discovered in the 
profound depths of the lake, as well asin the shallower | 
waters. Species of Gammarus, which might possibly be 
marine, were also found. They are no doubt the survivors 
of a larger marine fauna which inhabited the St. Lawrence 
basin in glacial times, and would seem to afford proof of the 
saline character of the water of the great inland sea which 
occupied this basin when the subarctic, boreal and inland 
maritime plants migrated to the neighborhood of Lake Supe- 
rior. The Mysis is a denizen of the Greenland seas, and 
suggests strongly that when the great inland sea prevailed 
