296 Canadian Record of Science. 
5. When the motor cells of the anterior horn of the spinal 
cord, or certain cells in the pons, medulla, or crus cere- 
bri, are disordered, there is aform of muscular atrophy 
which has been termed “active,” inasmuch as the 
muscle does not waste merely, but the dwindling is ac- 
companied by proliferation of the muscle nuclei. 
6. In acute decubitus, bed sores form within a few hours or 
days of the appearance of the cerebral or spinal lesion, 
and this with every precaution to prevent pressure, or 
the other conditions that favor the formation of such 
sores. 
7. After section of both vagi, death results after a period 
varying in time, as do also the symptoms, with the 
animal. 
In some animals pneumonia seems to account for death, 
since it is found that if this disease be prevented, life may 
at all events be greatly prolonged. 
The pneumonia has been attributed to paralyses of the 
muscles of the larynx, together with loss of sensibility of 
the larynx, trachea, bronchi,and the lungs, so that the glottis 
is not closed during deglutition, and the food finding its 
way into the lungs has excited the disease by irritation. 
The possibility of vaso-motor changes is not to be over- 
looked. In birds, death may be subsequent to pneumonia 
or to inanition from paralysis of the csophagus, food not 
being swallowed. It is noticed that in these creatures there 
is fatty (and sometimes other) degeneration of the heart, 
liver, stomach and muscles. 
8. Section of the trigeminus nerve within the skull has led 
to disease of the corresponding eye. This operation 
renders the whole eye insensible, so that the presence 
of offending bodies is not recognized, and it has been 
both asserted and denied that protection of the eye from 
such irritation prevents the destructive inflammation. 
With the loss of sensibility there is also vaso-motor par- 
alysis; the intra-ocular tension is diminished, and the rela- 
tions of the nutritive lymph to the ocular tissues is altered. 
But all disturbances of the eye, in which there are vaso- 
motor alterations, are not followed by degenerative changes. 
