320 Canadian Record of Science. 
mass of new evidence obtained, and now available for 
co-ordination and study is, however, so scattered through 
the reports of the Geological Survey and various scientific 
periodicals, as to be somewhat difficult of access. A good 
deal of unpublished material, too, relating to this subject, is 
now in the hands of the Geological Survey staff. My object 
in this paper therefore is simply to collect and correlate all 
the main facts within reach relating to this important 
question, briefly summarizing the results, and referring the 
student for fuller details to the reports and publications 
alluded to. 
Commencing in the extreme eastern part of Canada I 
shall give a brief statement of the facts observed in each 
province, correlating those pertaining to each of the larger 
centres of dispersion for local glaciers, such as the Cobequid 
Mountains in Nova Scotia, the main central water-shed in 
New Brunswick, the Notre Dame or Shickshock Mountains 
in the province of Quebec, etc. Each of these centres 
formed a gathering ground for its own glaciers, discharging 
them on either side, or in various directions according to 
the slopes of the land. 
It is, perhaps, necessary at the outset to define the term 
“local glacier,” as I understand it. By a local glacier I 
mean an ice-sheet limited in extent, that is, confined to one 
valley or hydrographic basin, whether large or small, and 
influenced in its movement by local topographic features, 
such as mountains, water-sheds, hills, or river valleys. 
Nova Scortta. 
In Nova Seotia it is found that ice moved in different 
directions in different lccalities, the slopes of the country 
having largely controlled it. The Cobequid Mountains 
shed ice from their summits on either side, that is, north- 
ward and southward; and the South Mountain likewise 
discharged glaciers off its slopes. Observations on the 
glaciation of that province by Sir William Dawson show a 
wide divergence in the courses of stris met with in a 
number of different places. This seems explicable only on 
