Gypsum Deposits in Northern Manitoba. 3538 
changes in the composition of our fruits, cannot but be of 
the greatest importance to horticulturists in improving the 
the quality of the new cultivated varieties, and in produc- 
ing new varieties of a desired quality. If we can change 
the composition of our fruits in one or two elements, by the 
application of the proper food, why cannot we change the 
proportion of any element? In the seed is stored np the 
element of the new plant, and the varied compositions may 
be accompanied by certain physiological changes which 
shall determine the character of the variety.” 
My object for presenting the facts to which I have called 
your attention this evening has been, not to bring forward 
any detailed exposition of scientific observations, but rather 
to draw your attention more prominently to the general 
principles underlying the laws of growth and nutrition, 
and to show that our modern horticulture has entered upon 
an entirely new phase, in which scientific observation is 
the basis; and he who wishes to reap the large benefits to be 
derived from the intelligent pursuit of horticulture in any 
one of its important branches, must recognize the necessity 
of securing for himself, as a necessary preliminary to his 
work, an accurate, though general scientific culture. If my 
object in this respect be gained, even in a remote degree, 
the law of compensation may be considered as having found 
its application. 
GypsuM DEposits IN NORTHERN MANITOBA. 
By J. B. Tyrrent, B. A., F.G.S., of the Geological and 
Natural History Survey of Canada. 
On the Little Saskatchewan River, which carries the 
overflow of Lake Manitoba into the western side of Lake 
Winnipeg, there is a comparatively small shallow lake 
which has been known since the time of the early voyageurs 
as Lake St. Martin. It lies in latitude, 51° 30’, longitude, 
98° 40’, has an area of 115 square miles, a greatest depth 
of about fifteen feet, and an approximate elevation above 
the sea of 790 feet. 
