412 Canadian Record of Science. 
depth, and (to judge from the coarseness of many of the 
beds,) with currents of considerable power. Similar strata 
occurring on the Siegas River in New Brunswick, on the 
Beccaquimec River in the same province, and on the 
Aroostook River in Maine, indicate that these also were 
regions of similar shallow waters, with similar powerful 
and variable currents, and, as it would seem, subject at 
times to sub-marine volcanic ejections. Connected with 
these accumulations, and possibly in part determined by 
them, the floor of the gulf underwent frequent oscillations 
of level, and along certain tracts even more marked move- 
ments occurred, tilting (as at Burnt Point and Point aux 
Trembles) the heavy beds, and giving them their present 
steep inclination, while at others only gentle undulations 
were the result. Finally, over the irregular floor thus pro- 
duced were deposited the later beds of the Silurian sea, 
mostly in the form of fine calcareous muds, now hardened 
into slates, but in places in the form of pure limestones (like 
those of Dalhousie, Mount Wissick, Square Lake, Ashland, 
&c.) now filled with the relics of their ancient populations. 
These too have since felt the force of the great earth move- 
ments which have in all ages operated so widely and so 
powerfully in the history of our globe, and their effects are 
readily witnessed in the tilted and crumpled character of 
many of the beds, more particularly about the Grand Falls 
of the St. John, but never since have they been submerged 
to anything like their former extent, the later beds of the 
Devonian and Lower Carboniferous being much more 
limited in this distribution, and as regards the latter at least, 
found in what must have been very shallow and isolated 
basins. 
Of the still later chapters in the history of the region we 
have been discussing, two only can here be referred to, and 
these but briefly. verywhere over the district are to be 
seen evidences of a former extensive glaciation in the 
smoothing, polishing and striation of rock surfaces, in the 
occurrence of travelled boulders, and in the existence of 
drift-dammed pond and lakes, kames, &c., some of which 
