6 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



an invasion by the butterflies in the spring, which are the parents 

 of the great flight in the following August, and as long as the 

 weather remains suitable a succession of broods are produced. 

 The following notes upon C. hyale are taken from my note-book 

 verbatim, and refer to the larvge mentioned, Entom. xxv. 274. 



November 26th, 1892. Figured hyale larva hybernating, it 

 having now reached its thirty-ninth day of hybernation, and has 

 remained in the same position the whole time. It measures now 

 three-sixteenths of an inch, having decreased one-sixteenth of an 

 inch since entering hybernation. The other two larvae have also 

 remained motionless, and are now almost completely enclosed by 

 the three leaflets of clover, having withered and folded loosely 

 around them, which serves as a protective covering during the 

 winter. 



Of those larvge which hatched from eggs deposited September 

 20th, I find upon examination there are four in the second skin ; 

 three of them are apparently hybernating, as they are resting 

 upon a little carpet of silk spun down the centre of the leaflet. 

 One, which is somewhat in advance of the others, is still feeding ; 

 another, making the fifth, is much more advanced, being in its 

 third skin, i.e., after second moult, and measuring three-sixteenths 

 of an inch long; it is active, occasionally moving about from leaf 

 to leaf and feeding. All these five are kept during the greater 

 part of the day and night, from about 10 a.m. to 12 p.m., in a 

 temperature of about 60° to 64°. 



To-day, December 17th. The three larvae first mentioned 

 have now attained their sixtieth clay of hybernation, and are 

 apparently in perfect health, and have remained absolutely 

 motionless throughout. The other five larvae are hybernating ; 

 the one in the third skin (having now attained the same 

 size as the first three) commenced hybernating on the 11th, it 

 having until then fed dail3^ It rests upon a little layer of silk, 

 precisely in the same manner as the others, and I cannot induce 

 it to move, although for three days it was subjected to a warm 

 temperature of 64°, and upon gently touching it, it remained 

 perfectly -still. 



I have now placed the plants containing all eight larvae in a 

 fairly uniform cool temperature, averaging about 45°. 



I think from the above, taking all into consideration, that 

 without doubt C. hyale hybernates as a larva. 



Under artificial means, in an unusual heat, C. hyale could be 

 forced ; and, in fact, at a recent meeting of the South London 

 Entomological Society, Mr. H. Williams exhibited a full-fed 

 larva and a pupa which he had reared by keeping them in a tem- 

 perature reaching as much as 86°. They were from the same 

 parent as my larvae, the eggs being deposited on September 20th. 

 I have purposely kept mine in as natural a condition possible, 

 in the hope of clearing up the question — In what stage does 



