NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 315 



near Ballinasloe, I have found the darkest specimens, with the 

 under side of hind wing darkly shaded, and the ocelli large and 

 strongly marked. It varies in size, but generally averages that 

 of the Yorkshire variety. Localities : — Co. Kerry, widely spread ; 

 also Co. Cork, Co. Sligo, on the Oxhill range and near Lake Gill ; 

 plentiful near Ballinasloe and by Banagher eastward over the bog 

 Allen to Kildare, King's and Queen's Cos. ; near Mullingar and on 

 the bogs of Westmeath, very abundant; Connemara and Co. 

 Galway, generally abundant ; Tyrone and Monaghan, &c. 



CcENONYMPHA PAMPHiLUS, L. — Common in every suitable 

 locality, varying somewhat from pale yellow to a strong 

 ochreous colour. The ocellated marldngs and interrupted band 

 on the under side of hind wing also vary, but not in any 

 remarkable degree. Mr. Russ takes specimens near Sligo with 

 fringes slightly tinged with yellow. 



(To be continued.) 



NOTES AND OBSEEVATIONS. 



Variation of Zyg^na trifolii. — Although the fact does not appear 

 to be generally recognised, the typical form of this species is that in which 

 the central pair of spots are united. I have examined considerable numbers 

 of living specimens in the field, also a great many set specimens which have 

 been sent me by correspondents in various parts of the country, and find 

 that the typical form is much less common than that in which the central 

 spots are well separated. In the following remarks on the variation of 

 Z. trifolii, it will be convenient to consider the commonest form as the 

 type ; the various mutations can then be tabulated as follows : — 



a. (prohi, Hiibn., fig. 133.) Central pair of spots well separated. In 

 some examples of this form the upper spot of central pair is very small. 

 The lower one is variable in shape; most frequently it is round or nearly 

 round, but often more or less oblong or square, and sometimes triangular. 



h. [trifolii, Esper, pi. xxxiv. fig. 5 ; Hiibn., fig. 135.) The central spots 

 united, but quite free from either basal or outer spots. 



c. {glycirrhizcB, Hiibn., fig. 138.) The central spots united together, 

 and also with the outer or fifth spot. Union of the central confluent spots 

 with the outer spot is effected by an inward extension of the lower edge of the 

 latter, and an outward expansion of the former. Sometimes the spots 

 referred to are only united on one wing. 



d. [hasalis, Selys, Ann. Soc. Belg. 1872.) The central spots confluent 

 and united with the basal pair. In most examples of this form union of 

 the spots is eff'ected by an inward and outward expansion of the lower central 

 and basal spots respectively, but in some rare instances the four spots are 

 as broadly connected as they are in var. e; the outer or fifth spot is in all 

 cases isolated. 



e. {mlnoides, Selys, Mem. Soc. Roy. Sci. Liege. 1844 ; confluens, Stand. 

 Cat. 1871.) All the spots united, forming a longitudinal band with irregular 

 edges. This is probably the most extreme form of variation in marking to 

 which the species is subject. Sometimes the basal and confluent central 



