246 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Guenee remarks that C. limacina is slightly larger than 

 C. fliictuosa ; as a matter of fact this is generally true, though 

 the figures and Guerin's description show the reverse ; size is 

 not a very important item in the distinction of these species. 



The idea that C. limacina may be only a variety of C. fliictuosa 

 is evidently based upon the similarity of the. upper surface of the 

 two females ; but the under surface differs considerably. On the 

 other hand, Guenee undoubtedly confounded C. limacina with his 

 C. argillosa ; and no wonder, for the latter is only a form occurring 

 in Western Africa, Madagascar, and Mauritius. 



Cyligramma limacina. 



Cyligramma limacina, Guerin, Cuv. Icon. Eegne Anim. p. 520, 

 pi. 89, fig. 2 (1842). 



Var. C. argillosa^ Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 186, n. 1578 (1852). 



Brujas hisignata, Walker, Lep. Het. xiv. p. 1255, n. 11 (1857). 



Eastern and Western Africa, and Madagascar. In Coll. B. M. 



The only distinction between typical C. limacina and C. argil- 

 losa is in the indistinct character of the inner series of yellowish 

 spots on the under surface of the secondaries in the female of 

 the latter, and the less prominent submarginal spots on the 

 same surface of the primaries of the male. 



Cyligramma acutior. 

 Cyligramma acutior, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 187, n. 1580 (1852). 



This appears to me to be nothing more than typical male 

 C. limacina. We have examples from Abyssinia and the river 

 Niger, which fit Guenee's description to a nicety. 



(To be continued.) 



NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 



Retakdeb Emergences. — The exceptionally warm weather of the past 

 spring appears to have been conducive to an unusually large number of 

 emergences from pupse that had lain over for more than one year, the 

 percentage assuming the perfect state being, in the majority of cases that 

 have come under my notice, very much in excess of what I have usually 

 regarded as an average. Thus, from a brood of Eriogaster lanestris fed up 

 in 1891 there were no emergences in 1892, but this year more than half 

 of the total number became imagines. Asteroscopus nuheculosa is always 

 an uncertain species, so many larvae dying after going down ; but, assuming 

 that the majority of those that went down in the autumn of 1891 became 

 pupse, the proportion of emergences this year would again be about 50 per 

 cent., although none put in an appearance in 1893. Three imagines of 

 this species also emerged from 1890 pupae, thus having passed three winters 

 in that stage. From several batches of Biston hirtaria fed up in 1891 



