56 



JOURNAL OF HOKTICULTUJBE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. [ January 17. 1865. 



Botanical Classificatios {G. BroK-n).— Wc do not remember ypnr 

 query. 



Leaf Mould, &c, {A Subscriber). —Yoa may keep your leaf mould and 

 loam in bags in your cellar witbout Injury to anyihinp but the bags. Tar- 

 oaulin is belter than loais for covering pits, us it excludes wet, especially if 

 you put a little hay or straw beiwetn the glass and tarpaulin. 



DiHECTios (if. J.)— Mr. Thomson, Archerfield. Drem. N.B. We are 

 not aware that The Vine you mintion has been supplied to the trude. 



Fdchsia Skkulisg (Saniiana).— It is impossible to give an opinion of 

 the merits of a ^ee(^ling from a single flower and leaf. It seems a cross 

 with corymtiflora. The other little scrap seems to be a Crucianella, but no 

 judgment can be formed on such fragments. 



South Avstr.vlian Pi.ast {Country Citrate].— We do not know it by the 

 colonial name " Shirt's Desert Pea," but as its " flowers are scarlet, with a 

 large black eye," we think it is. probably, Clianthns punicens. Portraits 

 of this are in the "Botanical Recister." " Horticultural Society's Transac- 

 tions," and Paston's " Magazine of Botany." 



Cbjckets in Ct'ccMBER-BOiSE— Popiar Ccttings (J. WeeJcIy Header).— 

 The mo*t efft'ctual remedy Is to poison them by spreading phosphorus 

 paste ou thiu slices of bread, tbe same as if buttering these thickly. This 

 preparation placed in their haunts will kill many — certainly all that partake 

 of it. It should be laid at ni^ht, as the directions en the cover will inform 

 yon. Kow is a good time to insert Poplar cuttings, but the sooner it is 

 done af'.er the leaves fall the better. They should be taken from the strong 

 growths of last year and be cut into lengths of from S to 12 inches, two- 

 thirds of their length beins inserted in the soil. The distance should be 

 about 6 inches apart, and 12 or 15 in the rows. The moderately strong 

 wood is the best. 



Inoiaeubber Plakt Shedding its Leaves — Plaxts for Hasgiso 

 Baskets— Thkips on Ferns [A CoiiAtatit Header) .—The leaves fall, we 

 bhould think, through want of light, and the extreme dryness of the atmo- 

 Bphere in the nrawing-room ; for though this plant will endure almost any 

 treatment, ic cannot thrive in a dark and extremely dry atmosphere lor a 

 lengthened period. The plants for baskets outside a west window are few, 

 and, Ihoueh we name some, we do not vouch for their doing either well or 

 flowering at the time named— Tineas, six sorts; Lyi-imachia nummnlaria ; 

 Antirrhinum linaiiccroliura; Campanula garganica, C Barrelieri, Convol- 

 vulus mauritanicus, Linaria cvmbalaria, and its variety alba; Sasifraga 

 japonica, and S. sarmenlo^a. Sedum Siebolrti ; and the vatiegated-leaved 

 Strawberry is very pretty; but nothipg is hand>omer th:in the variegated 

 gold and silver, and the smiill green leaved Ivies. If the Ferns in the fern- 

 case are not much infested with thripsthe latter may berem''ved witha damp 

 sponge, to which they will adhere on it* being drawn over them, care being 

 taken not to injure the fronds. If very much infested tlie best plau would 

 be to fill the ca^e quite full of tobacco smoke, removing the case to an out- 

 house for the operation. If fumigated the fronds of the Ferns should be 

 dry. By removing the thrips with a damp sponge you may soon clear the 

 ca.'e, but to prevent their attacks m future tbe atmosphere should be kept 

 more moist 



Books {A Goose).— "The Garden Manual " for twenty postage stamps, 

 and " Thf" Poultry-Book for the Many" for seven postage stamps, cau be 

 had free by post Irom our oflBce, and will suit you. 



Names ot Fruit (F. S".).— 1, Henriette; 2, Gloa Jlorceau ; 4 and 6, 

 Napoleon; 5, Ea:>ter BeurrtJ. 



Names of Pla>-ts (E. H. iV'.). — 1 and 5, Athyrium Filis-fmmina ; 

 2, Asplenium microdon. — A rare British variety of either A. lanceolatum or 

 the Adiantum nigrum; jours is not advanced enough to say to which it 

 belongs. 3 and 7, Lastrea dilatata ; 4 may be Asplenium lanceolatum in 

 a wretcherily si>rved t^tate, but is more like a bad frond of A, fontanum ; 

 6, Polystichum aculeaiumlobatu.n, young; 8, La^treiiacmula; 9, Asplenium 

 Adiantum rigrum. {Allen MaUet). -Pieri'^ aqnilina. 



POULTRY, BEE, and HOTJSEHOLL CHRONICLE. 



It is an acknowledged fact, that the artificial hatching of 

 eggs in England although can-ied out on principles not in 

 strict harmony with the natural incubation of a hen. has yefc 

 proved far more successful than the artificial rearing of 

 chickens. This, of course, is solely to be ascribed to the 

 improvident way in which chickens are treated before they 

 have their natural protection, their feathers, in a climate 

 where the sudden changes in the temperature of the atmo- 

 sphere, and the almost continual humidity of the soil, act 

 prejudicially on young animal life ; but surely these are diffi- 

 culties which can easily be overcome ? Do we not obtain 

 in England by ai-tificial means such sjilendid tropical fruits 

 as no tropical climate can produce ? And why not surpass 

 Egypt in reai-ing poultry, if not in cost at least in quality 

 and scientific feeding and fattening, for which far more 

 remunerative prices are obtained ? Well, all this can now 

 be accomplished in England by any person who will foUow 

 my plan of hatching, rearing, and fattening poultry by 

 artificial means. Tliis plan must necessarily be modified 

 according to the importance of the breeding establishment 

 and the number of eggs to be hatched daily — from one to a 

 thousand— but the mVin principles essential to the cuccessful 

 artificial breeding of poultry will, under any circumstances, 

 remain the same. 



THE AETinCIAL HATCHING EOOM. 



POULTEY-EEEPDs'G FROM A COMJIEECIAL 

 POUsT OF VIEW. 

 {Continued from page 40.) 



AETIFICIAL HATCHING. 



There is nothing absolutely new under the sun ! Even 

 hatching chickens by artificial means has been carried on 

 in Egypt, China, and other eastern countries, from tlie re- 

 motest ages to the present day ; and yet in England it has 

 hitherto proved a failure in a commercial point of view. It 

 is true that in Egypt, where they hatch many millions of 

 poultry annually, artificial hatching is a trade of itself, 

 carried on by hundreds of proprietors of ovens, and their 

 success in hatching will be apparent when it is stated that 

 they sell one hundi-ed newly-hatched chickens for about 3s., 

 OT that they will return, free of charge, sixty chickens for 

 every hundred eggs entrusted to them for hatching. It is 

 also true, that the climate and soil of Egypt are more favour- 

 able than those of England to the rearing of poultry ; but 

 then, why should we not appeal to science to assist us in 

 overcoming the drawbacks of our soil and climate ? No doubt 

 we shall never be able to produce poultry so cheap as in 

 ^gypt. where soil, climate, labour, and cost of land are 

 eminently favourable to a cheap production ; but in com- 

 pensation wo can obtain far higher and in proportion more 

 remunerative prices for our poultry, their feathers, and 

 manure. 



17.— ArtiSclal Hatching Room. 



Tho floor of this room should be formed of concrete, the 

 sides of moveable glazed frames, and the roof of boards 

 covered with asphalted felt, slates, or zinc. The interior 

 ought to be fitted along the sides with moveable shelves, 

 which can be drawn out for cleaning. These shelves wUl be 

 divided into separate compartments, 3 feet long, 2 feet wide, 

 and 1 foot high, the sides and the front, which forms a door, 

 should be made of galvanised iron wire. In each compart- 

 ment ought to be a frame lined underneath with long iieece 

 the same as in the portable artificial mother's. In these 

 compartments the chickens are placed from their birth up 

 to a week or ten days old, when they are put under the care 

 of an artificial moveable mother (see fig. 15), in small esta- 

 blishments, or in the artificial rearing home in large esta- 

 blishments. These compartments ought to be covered with 

 a lelt carpet, which must, however, be kept well cleaned and 

 occasionally dipped in boiling water. The best way to supply 

 food and water to such young chickens is by means of two 



^ 



Fig. 



18.— Feeding and Driulilng Saucers 

 for Young Chickens. 



Fig. 19.— Feeding and Diinlting 

 Vessel for Young Chiekcna. 



saucers (see fig. IH), one within the other, and between 

 which the food or vtater is put. This will prevent them 

 wotting themselves or scratching the food about. The 

 hatching room will require no heating apparatus, as the 



