May 16, 1365. ] 



JOUBNAL OF HOKTICULTUKE AND COTTAGE GAKDENEE. 



381 



from them it is because they are passing into another form ; 

 but even this can be readily recognised, and need not cause 

 any perplexity. 1 and 4 are the only pure wood shoots, 

 for the others are more or less all fruit-bearing. It is to be 

 hoped that rules for pruning are simplified by means of this 

 classification. All may not be of one mind as to these rules, 

 but the general principles here laid down were, of course. 



the first thing requiring to be settled. It may be added 

 here, that perhaps the very best modern authorities on 

 these matters have given their approval to this arrangement 

 of the shoots. One great difficulty was to render appro- 

 priately the names by which some are known on the conti- 

 nent ; another was the want of precision in the current hor- 

 ticultural terms. — T. C. Beehaut, Richmond House, Ghiernsey. 



CONSTEUCTION OF A PINE STOVE.— No. 3. 



Having, as I think, shown that the atmospheric heat 

 required to ripen Pines in winter cannot be maintained in 

 narrow span-roofed houses without employing such a large 

 surface of piping as must materially injure the plants, I 

 shall leave the further consideration of this shape with the 

 remark — that our desire should be to adapt the house to 

 the use for which it is required ; and that, though this shape 

 is not fitted for winter forcing, it may still be admirably 

 adapted for summer orchard-houses. In winter our only 

 source of heat is hot water, and we requii'e economy in its 

 use as much for the health of the plants as on account of the 

 cost of production. In our fear of losing it we build brick 

 sides to our houses, thereby suffering loss of light, for which 

 nothing compensates. Can we not build better, that is, 

 lighter, houses without losing heat ? 



Mr. Speechly, -(rxiting in 17fO, says — "The sun is the 

 primary cause — the very life and soul — of vegetation." He 



also tells us — •" In Holland it is customary to begin to force 

 Vines in November, in order to have ripe Grapes early in 

 the spring. In these frames, used for winter forcing, it is 

 found necessary that the glass frames should be in an almost 

 perpendicular direction. They are about 5 feet wide at 

 the bottom, and at the top about 3 feet ; the height of the 

 Vine wall, to which the frame is affixed, about 10 feet." 

 I therefore propose to make the sides of my house 10 feet 

 high. The advantage of this increases as the angle of the 

 sun's rays decreases, the direct sunlight shining so much 

 further down the house, particularly from the south and 

 west sides. Plan No. 6 will show this. Mr. Speechly says — 

 " The angle of the sun's rays at the equinox is 43°." I have 

 taken this as a basis. At midsummer the sun is 23° north, 

 making its altitude 66° ; in winter 23° south of the equator, 

 making it 20°. In this I may be wrong; but it is the 

 principle I wish to show, and it will serve for this purpose. 





Plan No. 6. 



I do not know any plan that will better tend to increase 

 the light during our dark months ,- and I think that double 

 glazing will enable me to retain the heat. Certainly 10 feet 

 of double glazing will not cost more than 5 feet of brick 

 wall. I would have the inner portion made so that it could 

 be taken down as soon as the March winds were over, 

 merely employing it as a means of preventing what I may 

 call too much unauthorised ventilation ; but some may say. 

 You leave out the roof; can you get more light through the 

 sides ? Let us turn again to Mr. Speechly—" Vineries are 

 sometimes built on commodious plane, of which the most 

 elegant certainly are those which have an entire glass- 

 framed roof, with one side descending to the east, the other 

 to the west; the south end must consequently be glazed. 

 But as these buildings admit of the meridian sun only at 

 the end of the house, they are very improper for producing 

 Grapes at an eai-ly season." From this extract I should 

 presume Mr. Speechly intended to mean a house that had 

 no sides. Let us treat it as such. He says the roofs descend 

 to the east and west. In this case, when the sun was in 

 the south its rays would fall on the rafters, as represented 



in Plan No. 5, at d and e, on rafters 1 and 2. I intend 

 running my roofs east and west, so that when the sun is in 



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Plan No. 5. 

 the south it will be as shown in Plan No. 6. To avoid con- 



