416 



JOUKNAL OF HOETICULTUEE AND COTTAGE GABDENEE. 



[ Mtj 30, 1889. 



Petit Mont Eouge (E. G. Hendei-aon & Son).— Dwarf habit; 

 leaves with a dark zone ; flowers very bright scarlet. 



PhUomelle Leseine (E. G. Henderson & Son). — Leaves 

 marked with a dull zone ; flowers light scarlet. 



Princess o/ Prussia** (Kev. J. Dix). — Vigorous habit; 

 leaves with an indistinct zone ; flowers small, salmony 

 scarlet, in lai-ge close trusses. A good pot plant, but not 

 very well developed in this instance. 



Qiieeii Mab (Hally).— Dwarf habit ; leaves dark zoned; 

 flowers orange scarlet. 



Really Good (Bull). — Vigorous ; dark-zoned leaves ; flowers 

 light scarlet, of iine shape. 



SedJacket (V'eitch, Turner). — Vigorous habit; leaves broad 

 with naiTOw dark vandyked zone ; flowers light scarlet. 

 Similar to Emperor of the French, but inferior to it. 



Eed Riding Bood** (Hally). — Dwarf habit; leaves dark 

 zoned ; flowers very bright scarlet, of fine form. 



Reidii (Eraser). — Dwarf vigorous habit; leaves daik zoned; 

 flowers deep scarlet with white eye, in small trusses. 



Eei'. Joshua IK,^**(the Society). — Msderately vigorous 

 compact habit ; leaves marked with a dull zone ; flowers 

 above medium size, of good shape, in compact trusses, and 

 of a very bright scarlet. A seedling raised at Chiswick, and 

 both distinct and good. 



Senator (WDliams). — Vigorous habit; leaves with very 

 dark centre or broad zone ; flowers scarlet. 



Victor Emntaniiel * * * (Clarke). — Vigorous habit; leaves 

 with broad dull zone ; flowers large, in bold trusses, and of 

 fine quality, vei-y similar to those of Punch. One of the best 

 of the zonate scarlets. 



Vivid * * * (G. Smith). — Moderately vigorous habit ; leaves 

 with broad dull zone ; flowers of fine form, in bold trusses, 

 of a bright scarlet. A very fine sort, one of the best as to 

 the shape of the flowers, and equally good as a pot plant. 



Volcano*** (Wills). — Moderately vigorous habit ; leaves 

 with indistinct green zone; flowers light orange scarlet, 

 large, in bold trusses, and freely developed. — {Proceedings of 

 the Royal Horticultural Sodety.) 



(To be continued.) 



THE MODEEN PEACH-PEUNEU.— No. 10. 



FOEMS OF TREES FOE LONG PEUNING. 



On the question of form there is not so much real diffe- 

 rence of opinion as exists as to the most advantageous way 

 of managing the shoots. It is true we can find, especially 

 in the French works, a great variety of shapes indicated as 

 suitable according to circumstances, but many of them are 

 too fantastic to be of any practical use. Examining them 

 is not, however, without profit, for we may generally 

 trace in them some leading principle based on reliable ex- 



perience. Thus the student wiU discover that the chief 

 aim and object steadily adhered to, has generally been to 

 divide, as near to the base of the tree as possible, the main 

 current of the ascending sap into two well-balanced portions. 

 Wherever this leading principle has been departed from, it 

 will be seen that the object then in view was to cover a 

 somewhat lofty wall in the quickest manner, without at the 

 same time sacrificing the claims of the lower branches to be 



Fio. 9.— The Jlontreuil Fun. 



properly constituted. For this pui-pose a main central stem 

 has been provided, much less lateral expansion has been 

 allowed, whilst the lowest branches have sometimes been 

 turned upwards at their extremities to favour their develop- 

 ment, for that development is always endangered under this 

 form. It is evident that walls of 9 or 10 feet in height, 

 which are by no means the worst suited for many localities, 

 require a shape combining great power of lateral expansion, 

 without sacrificing the hiinnonious proportions of the wliole 

 tree. To accomplish this there is certainly no form which 

 eqnals the ctpaXicr earri'., of which, as the name indicates, 

 the Equnrf-nesa constitutes the chief advantage. 



This form has, therefore, been selected as a model for ' 

 walls of about 9 or 10 feet in hti^hfr, where a large tree of | 

 any favourite variety was duBireil. At the same time it I 

 cannot be too often repeated that modern gardeners prefer [ 

 smaller-sized trees and more in number, in this way a sue- 1 

 cession of crops is best secured, and a greater variety of I 

 fruits may be cultivated. I 



For walls of about 12 feet in height the old MontrcuU fan 

 is extremely well adapted. It is a symmetricnl shape, easy 

 to establish, and durable. In both of these old and wdll- 

 known forms it will bo eeen that the sap hns been directed 

 into two main channels from the commencement of the for- 

 mation of the trees. These channels remain to the last as 

 the main arteries of the whole system. Their position at 

 the most favourable angle, and their early formation cause, 

 as Leppre truly remarks, the sap to acquire " the habit of 

 using them in preference," while their larger proportions 

 secure a more abundant flow. Kept carefully balanced, by 

 the usual means, during the first five or six years, they con- 

 tinue as the guiding principles of cither wing. Their im- 

 portance and use are aptly explained by their French name, 

 " mother branches," and in each of these forms thoy are 

 marked 1, in our engravings. 



The espalier rxvrn! and Montrouil fan are neither of them 

 diflicult to acquire. Their harmonious proijortions are far 

 more pleasing, even when without folingo, than the ordinary 



