APTERA. 



The members of this order are mostly insects of very small size living in 

 damp situations and feeding on decaying vegetable matter. 

 SYNOPSIS OF FAMILIES. 

 Entomobriidae: abdomen with ventral tube on first segment. Lipuridae: 

 legs very short. Smynthuridae: segments of abdomen obscure. 



Lepismidae. Campodeidae: middle tail feeble or wanting. MachSlidae: 

 outer tails shorter. Japygidae: with pincers instead of tails. 



SMYNTHURID/E. 

 Papirus maculosus Sch. luteus Lub. 



Smynthurus albipes Sch. niger — albipes. 



eisenii Sch. plicatus Cch. 



LIPURID/E. 

 This family includes the smallest members of the order. They often 

 become extremely abundant in the soil and after rains are often found float- 

 ing on pools as a film completly covering the surface. 

 Achorules armatus Nic. Lipeura inermis Tull. 



viaticus (Linn.) Xenella maritimus (Fabr.) 



ENTOMOBRIID/E. 

 These are very common insects found most frequently at the surface of the 

 ground under stones, fallen leaves, etc., particularly in moist situations. On 

 cloudy days they may often be seen abundantly running over leaves of grass 

 and other plants. In greenhouses and damp gardens they sometimes become 

 real pests, gnawing off the surface of the leaves and showing a decided 

 preference for the petals of flowers. 

 Podura maritimus — Xenella. marginata (Tul.) 



viaticus — Achorutes. multifasciata (Tul.) 



Degeeria marginata — Entomobria. nivalis (Linn.) 



multifasciata — Entomobria. sexoculata Sch. 



Drepanura californica Sch. Isotoma balteata — palustris. 



Entomobria atrocincta Sch. fimetaria (Linn.) 



binoculata Sch. lacustris Sch. 



coeca Sch. palustris (Mul.) 



curviseta Bro. viridis (Mul.) 



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