Vol. I, No. 3.|] Pavana-ditam or W ind-Messenyer. 43 
ENE SS 
king. The capital and the king are then described (vy. 36-60), 
Then the love message and the pangs of her sufferings the wind is 
asked to communicate to the king (vv. 61-100). The last four 
stanzas are personal or benedictive. 
Interesting geographical details are furnished in the descrip- 
Geographical tion of the wind’s journey (vv. 8-36). The 
Details. breeze starts from the Malaya (v. 8), the 
hill-range forming the eastern boundary of Travancore. GOross- 
ing the valleys at the Hea the Cae it will go to Panda-dega, 
7 ‘ with its capital Uraga-pura or Bhujaqa- 
- Pandya-dega. pura (v. 10) on the ene if the Geer Estee 
(v. 8). Panda-dega or the country of the Pandyas is comprised 
in the modern Districts of Tinnevelly and Madura with S. Travan- 
core; Tinnevelly itself stands on the left bank of the river Tamra- 
parni. The Pandyas are known from very early times, being men- 
tioned in the rock Kdicts of: Asoka, the Varttikas of Katyayana, 
and alsoin Mahabharata and Ramayana. The capital Uragapura 
is mentioned in Raghuvamg¢a, vi. 59-60; while the Tamraparni with 
the pearl fishery at its mouth in the Gulf of Mannar is still more 
famous. The Greek and Roman name for Ceylon, Taprobane, is 
believed to be derived from this river’s name. 
‘The wind will then pass by the Bridge of Rama which looks 
like an arm of the earth extended to the Lanka-dvipa (v. 10); 
and here lies the god Ramecvara (v.11). This refers, of course, 
to the Adam’s Bridge and the well-known temple of Ramecvara, 
described to be one of the twelve Jyotirlingas. 
The wind next proceeds to K@iicipura, the ornament of the 
South (v. 12), the capital of the Cola ladies 
Colas. (v. 14). Kazict or Conjeeveram is one of the 
oldest cities of India, being mentioned in Patanjali’s Mahabhasya ; 
while the Colas have been named in the rock Edicts of Asoka, and 
the Varttikas of Katyayana. At the time the poet wrote, the Colas 
were the most powerful in the South, having been raised to that 
eminence by Kulottunga Cola I (A. D. 1070-1118.) 
Following (westward) the course of the Kaverz (v. 115), the 
s wind will come to the land of the Keralas (v. 
Keralas. 16). The river Kavert, which fertilises the 
Cola country, flows past the great temple of Criraigam. The 
Kerala land is identifiable. with the west coast from N. Travancore 
to Gokarna in N. Mysore. Kerala was known to Patanjali, and 
is apparently the same as Kerala-putra of Asoka’s rock Edicts. 
Having thus gone through the southern half of Deccan, the 
alvavat: .. wind will next see the Malyavanta moun- 
i aa ia tain (vy. 18),°and Pancapsara the tank of 
Masyakarni Rsi (vy. 19). Both these names are well known from 
Ramayana.! Malyavanta* is apparently the central portion of the 
1 Ramayana 3. 11.11-12; Razhuvamea, 13: 38, Pde sf? 
4 For Mdlyavanta, see Ramayana 4. 28,1. The difference between 
poetical talent and poetical genius can be well seen by comparing the 
