Vol. I, No. 4.] The Monasteries of Tibet. 115 
[ENE 1S! 
Their example was followed by the merchants and other land- 
holders, in consequence of which it soon became a favourite insti- 
tution of the aristocracy of Tibet. Jam-yang established eight col- 
leges for teaching the different branches of sacred and secular learn- 
ing. In course of time the monastery became the principal seat 
of learning, and learned and wise men flocked to it from the different 
parts of the country. In discipline, moral culture and purity of 
life, the monks of Dapiing excelled the monks of all other similar 
institutions in Tibet. It soon claimed a university with seven 
colleges for the study of the different branches of sacred litera- 
ture including metaphysics, logic, medicine, and one for that of 
profane literature for the benefit of thelay people. After Tsong- 
khapa’s death, Jam-yang presided over the Monlam-chenpo of Lhasa 
and raised it to prominence. From this circumstance the power of 
Daptng over the Monlam-chenpo became paramount and con- 
tinues so to this day.. The president of the Monlam-chenpo 
called the Dapting Sha'-ngo, exercises supreme authority in the 
spiritual affairs of the country during the months of January and 
February, when the Talai Lama himself submits to the resolutions 
passed by the congregated clergy on the occasion. The chair of 
Daputng was filled by many able and distinguished sages, among 
whom Paldan-senge, one of the disciples of Tsong-khapa, Jam- 
yang Gahlo, and Yontan Gyatsho of Tsang-thon, were the most 
learned. On the rise of Daptng with its great university the 
glory of Gahdan was overshadowed. The fame of the Gahdan 
Thipa as the profoundest scholar of the Yellow-cap Church was 
surpassed by that of the high priest of Daping. Under the presi- 
dency of Gedun-Gyatsho who was called Daptng Télpaiku (incar- 
nate Lama of Dapiing), the monastery with its university claimed 
precedence even overGahdan. Gedun-Gyatsho in whom the spirit of 
Gediin-dib had appeared was called Gyal-wa ni-pa (2nd Gyalwa). 
He was, therefore, the first incarnate hierarch of the Yellowcap 
Church, from whose time the monastery enjoyed the proud name 
of Chyog nampar Gyal-wa—victorious in all the quarters, which 
expression is preserved to this day in the silver currency of Tibet. 
Daping contained the following T'va-tshany or colleges :— 
1, Tashi-gomang. 4. Nag-pa Nameyal-ling. 
2. Lozang-ling. 5. Ku chyog-ling. 
3. Thoisam-ling. 6. Choikhor-ling. 
7. De-yan. 
Of these only four are now in existence. Thoisam-ling, Ku- 
chyog-ling and Choikhor-ling were abolished during the presidencies 
of Sonam Gya-tsho and Lozang Gyatsho. There are at present 
7,700 monks in the monastery, most of whom are recruited from 
noble families in Kham, Mongolia, Gyarong, Nag-rong, Amdo, U 
and Tsang. In the Zimkhang, Jam-yang Chovwje’s residence, situ- 
ated behind the grand cloister, is the image of Jam-yang Sting-chon 
(speaking Muifiju Cri). In the central Tsang-khang (chapel) are 
the golden images of the Buddhas of the past, present and future 
