152 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. [May, 1905. 
17. Tibet, a dependency of Mongolia.—(1643—1716 A.D.).—By 
Rai Sarat Cuanpra Das, Bahadur, C.1.H. 
The six Khanates of Mongolia had, for a long time, remained 
under a solemn compact which kept them in peace. At last, the 
Khan of Chakar, named Legdan, who had grown ambitious, made 
a breach into it, in consequence of which internal dissensions broke 
out among them. Friendly advisors and intermediators came 
from the neighbouring States to bring upon reconciliation among 
the contending parties in Khalkha, the country of the Kulmue 
Mongols. One of the claimants to inheritance in that Khanate 
being driven out of the country, came with his hordes to the bank 
of Lake T’hig-Cég Gyalmo and took possession of the province of 
Hoco-tshe of Thumed-Mongolia. His descendant who had _set- 
tled there was attached to the shwamar or Red-cap School of Tibet. 
About this time the two rival sects of Buddhism, namely, the Red- 
cap and the Yellow-cap. Lamas, were fighting with each other in 
Tibet. Rab-chyampa,.a representative of the Red-cap sect pro- 
ceeded to Mongolia and appealed for help to the Khan of 
Hogo-tshe. In the year T'ree-hog the Khan sent his son Arsaling 
(Abaling) at the head of 10,000 Tartars to Tibet to. extirpate 
the Yellow-cap Church. The prince being humane and pious 
refrained from doing injury to the Yellow-cap Lamas, so the 
Red-cap Lamas, out of spite, sent misrepresentations against him 
to his father, accusing him of partiality to their enemies. The 
Khan, who was at that time engaged in war in the Kokoncr 
country, became furious at his son’s conduct and wrote to the 
Rab-chyampa to take the prince’s life. On Arsaling’s death, which 
‘was probably caused either by poison or assasination, the Tartar 
troops were thrown into disorder. For the want of a leader they 
dispersed like a cloud and returned :to their-country. About-this 
time the Khan of Duthukthu, a descendant of Jenghis Khan, 
who had also espoused the cause of the Red-cap Lamas, started 
from Chakar with a large army to help them in their struggle 
with the Yellow-Church. But on his arrival at Kokonor he acci- 
dentally died. A great enemy of Buddhism now arose in Kham, 
who followed the Bon religion. This was the King of Beri, named 
Don-yo dorje. He, like King Langdarma, had destroyed all the 
Buddhist Institutions of Kham belonging to the Red-cap and the 
Yellow-cap sects. He was about to start with a large army for 
conquering Tibet proper when the Khan of Cileuth Mongols 
entered Kham with his Tartar hordes. This was Gushi Khan the 
third of the five sons of the Khan of Hocod, one of the four divi- 
sions of Orad Mongolia. Like Jenghis Khan, he too was believed 
to have been an incarnation of the Lord of Death. His native 
name was Toral Behu, but he is better known by the names Gushi 
Khan or Gegan Khan. Owing to his devotion to the causof the 
