Vol. I, No. 6.] Tibet under her Last Kings. 165 
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20. Tibet wnder her Last Kings (1434-—1642 A.D.)—By 
Rai Sarat Cuanpra Das, Bahadur, C.1.H. 
About eighty years after Tahi Situ Chyan Chub Gyal-tshan’s 
annexation of Tsang to the Goverment of Central Tibet, one of the 
Governors under the Phagmodu Rulers named Rinping-Norzang, a 
native of Tsang, caused a rising of the people against the Phag- 
mo-du authorities, and from the year tree-hare of the 7th Cycle, 
the Shikha (towns) of Rinptng and Samdub-tse (modern Shiga-tse) 
passed under the authority of Kun-zang Don-dub-dorje, the two 
sons of Rinptng Norzang. They established their power 
over the whole of Tsang in the year 1434, but nominally acknow- 
ledged the supremacy of the Phagmodu Chief. From the year 
Harth-tiger of the 8th Cycle, the Government of Central Tibet 
had to contend with internal dissensions both in the north and 
sonth of U for which Mi-wang Nehu-dong-pa, the Ruler of 
Phagmodu, removed his residence to Dansa-thil, the seat of the 
Phagdu hierarchy. In the year Iron-ox, the son of Kunzang 
named Don-yo-dorje, who was also called Rinptng Deba Gar-wa, 
inviting the Karma heirarch Choi-tog Gya-tsho of the Shwa-mar 
(Red-Cap sect) invaded U with ten thousand troops. He drove 
away Miwang Nehu-dong-pa from his capital, and took possession 
of it. In this connexion, it is stated, that though the hierarch 
of Gahdan had twice tried to turn the tide of victory towards the 
Ruler of Nehu-dong-tse by propitiating some spirits yet the Karma- 
pa hierarch, his adversary, by superior exorcism made Rinptng-pa 
victorious at theend. This heralded the triumph of the Shwa-mar 
(Red-Cap Church) over the Yellow-Church. Thereafter, for sup- 
pressing the growing power of Sera and Dapting monasteries, two 
monasteries of the Red and Black Cap sects of the Karma-pa school 
were erected under Rinping-pa’s auspices. This was done with a 
view to make Sera and Daptng, the two great Yellow-Church 
monasteries, to die a natural death for want of support either from 
the State or from the pious. The Karma-pa and Dig-pa sects sent 
troops to overpower some of the smaller Yellow-Church in- 
stitutions which, thereby, became converted to the Red-Cap Church. 
Some of the land endowments of Sera and Daptng were taken 
away from them, for which reason the breach between the rival 
schools became wide. From the year Harth-ow to that of Harth- 
tiger in the 9th Cycle, the Lamas of Sera and Daping were pre- 
vented from taking part in the Monlam Chenpo of Lhasa. But 
since the year Fire-dog, Miwang Nehu-dong-pa, the Chief of Neiu- 
dong-tse recovered his authority to some extent over the province 
of U. Again in the year Mire-bird (about 1508) during Gediin 
Gyatsho’s residence at Methog Thang of Gyal, the Digong-pa 
Lamas brought troops from Kong-po for crushing down the 
power of the Yellow Church. When they were about to demolish 
the outer Dsong (fort) of Holkha, the Chief Nangso Don-yod of 
Dohdah came with his troops for rescuing it. The Digong-pa 
