166 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. {|June, 1905. 
Lamas failing to destroy the Dsong, diverted their attention to- 
wards Liing Shoi, Hod-na, and other places where they succeeded 
in converting eighteen Gelug- -pa (Yellow-Church) institutions into 
Red-Cap school. In the year Water-ox the Yellow-Cap Lamas also 
sent troops to Kyor-ling and other places under the Kahgyud-pa 
authorities. In this manner the Lamas of the different sects 
and schools became involved in civil dissensions. During this 
period the state of affairs in Tibet resembled the dark days which 
had followed the successsion of the apostate Langdarma to the 
throne of Tibet. 
The Chiefs of Tsang, who held office under the Phagmodu 
Rulers of Central Tibet, frequently led their troops to U to harass 
the people. They sometimes retired to their own strongholds after 
defeat, but often quietly annexed parts of their master’s territories 
to their possessions. The Lamas of the Yellow Church struggled 
for power and to establish their supremacy over Tibet, in which 
act they met with reverses on account of the powerful help which 
the Chief of Tsang had given to the Lamas of Shwa-mar sects. 
In the year 1564, Tshe-wang Dorje, the chief representative 
of the house of Rinpting,! with his son Padma-Karpo held the fort 
of Samdub-tse, and having brought the whole of Upper Tsang under 
his power, declared himself Tsang-toi Gyalpo, the King of Upper 
Tsang. In the year 1569 (Ivon-horse of the 10th Cycle) the autho- 
rities of Digong fought with those of the monastery of Tag-ling. 
In the year Water-serpent, there was a rebellion at Kyid-Shoi against 
the Phagmodu authorities. The Dalai Lama, Gedun Gyatsho, inter- 
ceding in the affairs brought upon an agreement between the ruler 
and theruled. Again afterwards, in the year T’ree-hog (1574) Rin- 
pting-pa brought his troops to Kyid-Shoi for creating disturbances, 
but they were compelled to withdraw from there after they had 
caused some injury to the people. In the year Iron-serpent (1580) 
internal dissensions again raged in Digong. On Dalai Yontan 
Gyatsho’s return from Mongolia, the Shwa-mar hierar ch, Nag-wang 
Choitag, complimented him with a letter written in verse ; but some 
misapprehension having arisen as to its concealed meaning, Rab 
Byampa Geleg Lhtndtb and others sent a discourteous reply to it 
couched in terms which were interpreted as conveying insult to the 
hierarch. This incident, unfortunately, raked up greater bitterness 
in the strained relations between the two rival Buddhist Churches 
of Tibet. 
The King of Upper Tsang, with the help of afew petty 
chiefs of the south and north, incited the Na-wa Rong people to 
rebellion, in quelling which, Tye resources of the Cecamncnert of 
Central Tibet were greatly ‘exhausted. Taking advantage of this 
disturbance he asserted his independence. 
In the year Tree-serpent heading the troops of the Red and 
Black-cap Lamas of the Karma-pa School, he attacked the military 
1 Rinpting or Rinchenpufig, a small town in the Tsang Rong district. 
It contained a huge image of Maitreya famous under the name of Rong- 
Cham-C hen. 
