204 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. [{ August, 1905. 
in his works: He was presented. with a hexagonal seal, and the 
people of Tsang distinguished him by raising white silken banners: 
in his honour. He encouraged both literature and religion. 
Chyaf-chub Gyal-tshan (the younger brother of Rinchen 
Tagyal) was born in the year Tree-tiger 1302, A.D. In the four- 
teenth year for his age (Hare-year) he took his admission into the 
monastery of Sakya, where he stayed with the heirarch Dag-nid- 
chenpo. He was. entrusted with the office of keeping the Govern- 
ment seal. Once the Grand Lama asked if he (Chyan-chub) would 
goup for the church, so as to be called a Rinpoche, or for the State 
to be called Phipon or governor. On his wishing to be a Rinpoche, 
the Grand Lama said, ‘‘ No, you are destined for the State. In 
order to qualify yourself for a governorship you should study the 
work called ‘Yul-Jyal’ and some works on political ethics.” 
Thereafter, taking leave of the Grand Lama, he became a pupil of 
Lama Nam-mé-chenpo and learnt the two parts fof logic. In 
the autumn of Tiger-year Chyan-Chub and his elder brother 
Lopon Tagzang were respectively invested with the temporal and 
spiritual offices. At the investiture, people were entertained with 
tea boiled in the same cauldron. Lopon Tagzang expounded the 
sacred laws and delivered sermons, while Chyan-Chub assumed 
the dignity of T’hipon or governor. 
When Chyafi-Chub became known all over the country, with 
the help of all other minor T’hipon, he besieged Sakya. He occu- 
pied Chya-zang-gang, which was then called Cha-zang-kang, and 
from some good action done in it,it became known by the name 
of Chyazang Jong (or the place of good action). During his reign 
the house of Lha-zig became very powerful. Having achieved 
many exploits in temporal matters, he (Chyan Chhub) resolved 
upon doing pious actions. He built the monastery of T'se-thang 
(Chethang) and established a college there. He made Nedong- 
tse the chief seat of government. Inviting the Grand Lama 
Sonam Gyal-tshan, he consecrated the religious establishment 
founded by him and appointed his cousin, Shakya Gyal-tshan, as 
the head of the church and president of the ceremonies to re- 
gulate the order of precedence. Thus the government of Phag- 
modu, for its efficiency both in temporal and spiritual matters, 
became very famous, and excelled those preceding it. At the 
age of 63, in the year Fvre-dragon, he retired from this existence at 
the palace of Nedong (Gahdan-tse). His cousin, Cakya Gyal- 
tshan, succeeded him in the throne of Nedong-tse, and assumed both 
the spiritual and temporal affairs of the State. By his able adminis- 
tration of the church and the secular laws, he increased the pros- 
perity and peace of U and Tsang. On account of his being ever 
thoughtful for the happiness of his subjects, he was praised by all 
men and called Jan Yang Cakya. The Tartar Hmperor, Thugan 
Themur, conferred on him the title of Changa-king. After his 
death, his younger brother Shakya Rinchen, became chief the 
Vhipon and filled the throne of Nedong-tse. He was very fond 
of inspecting the works of local officers and inquiring after the 
condition of his subjects. Once while on tour in U and Tsang, he 
