Wolk No. 9.) ' Notes on the Dugong. 239 
[N.S.] 
In this table and throughout the paper the “tip of tail” 
means the extremity of the actual tail. The length between this 
point and the extremity of the snout was measured by means of 
sticks stuck into the sand. The “length to extremity of fluke” 
was obtained by drawing a straight line immediately in front of 
the snout and another parallel to it immediateiy behind the unin- 
jured extremity of what may be called, on the analogy of the 
Cetacea, the fuke. The posterior margin of this organ being con- 
cave, the latter measurement is considerably the greater. The 
third measurement given practically represents the length of the 
tail, which is a little less than half that of the head and body. 
This observation is perhaps of some importance, as the pads of 
stout connective tissue intervening between the dorsal vertebre are 
of considerable thickness, although there are no bony epiphyses. 
Consequently, skeletons, as set up in museums, very often do not 
represent anything approaching the true length of the animal. 
By the “facial disk”? I mean the flattened area, which does not 
include the nostrils, above the tusks. It will be described in 
detail later. What f have called the “upper lip” is plainly the 
homologue of what Murie and others have called the “ upper 
jaw pad” in the Manatees; but it is better developed in the 
Dugong and probably plays a more important part in the assi- 
milation of food. 
Colour— 
The dorsal surface, shortly after death, was a dull brownish 
grey, which faded gradually, though pure grey on the sides, to 
dirty flesh-colour on the belly. The face, flippers and fluke were 
dull grey ; but the skin round the base of the tusks and the upper 
lip was mottled with dirty flesh-colour, which was also the tint 
of the lower jaw. Judging from the different descriptions given 
by different observers, the coloration of the animal is as variable 
as I find its skeleton to be. 
Integument— 
The skin of the specimen had not the corrugated and wrin- 
kled surface of that of the Manatees; but, on the other hand, it 
had not quite the smooth and oily appearance of that of many of 
the Cetacea. It was smooth, as it were, but not polished. 
Undoubtedly the hair, especially on the back, contributed to this 
effect, giving the animal quite a prickly appearance in certain 
lights. I shall here state merely that three distinct kinds of hair 
existed on the external surface, two on the facial disk and lower 
jaw, and a third over the whole of the trunk, limbs and fluke, the 
the kind last mentioned having two distinct phases of growth. 
The hairs are apparently devoid of pigment. The general 
character of the integument, apart from the hairs, resembled 
that of tropical Cetacea, the “blubber” being less thick than 
that of northern Porpoises. No oil was set free by cutting through 
it. Beneath it, however, there was a layer of opaque white fat 
very like that of a pig in appearance. 
