240 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. | November, 1905. 
General Characters of the Trunk and Limbs— 
The general form differed very considerably from that of all 
Cetacea, resembling that of some of the larger Hared Seals in 
several points. The appearance of the animal was clumsy, and 
evidently not adapted for rapid motion of any kind, the back and 
sides being rounded and the belly flat. There was no apparent 
neck, but the head was massive and terminated bluntly in front. 
The tail was distinct from the trunk, having a more compact and 
a less amorphous character. The vertebral column extended to the 
tip, which projected slightly below the edge of the fluke. The 
latter organ was deficient as regards one extremity, which had 
been removed, probably by the bite of a shark. The wound had 
healed completely. Running from near the tip of the tail toa point 
near its commencement was a conspicuous ridge formed chiefly by 
a thickening of the epidermis. This was about two inches high 
near the centre. Itis wellshown in the photograph reproduced on 
plate 7. The fore-limbs were regular in outline, flattened, with a 
distinct posterior fringe, but with no trace of separation of the digits 
externally. Only the fore-arm projected externally, the humerus 
being buried in the body as far as the articulation of the radius and 
ulna. There was a conspicuous fold of skin immediately above the 
limb. The mamme, which were large considering the sex of the 
individual, were situated immediately behind the limb, almost on 
a level with its posterior edge; they were long in comparison 
with their diameter. Judging from a female, otherwise correctly 
mounted, in the Colombo Museum, this elongated character of the 
mammee is characteristic of both sexes. The lateral position is 
apparently characteristic of all living Sirenia. Native fishermen 
tell me that in the lactating female the milk squirts out with 
great violence to a considerable distance if the mamma is pressed. 
The copulatory organ, of which Dr. Francis H. A. Marshall, of 
the University of Edinburgh, has kindly promised to furnish a 
description later, was entirely withdrawn into the body. 
Head— 
The head of the Dugong is perhaps its most characteristic 
feature, but all the figures of the animal, including some very 
recent ones, that I have been able to discover, are incorrect as 
regards this part, at any rate if they are intended to represent 
adult males. The only mounted specimens J have seen which 
are at all correct are those in the Colombo Museum; but these 
are a female, a half-grown male and a newly (probably pre- 
maturely) born young one. Except as regards the tusks, they 
agree very fairly well with my notes and photographs. 
The mouth of the specimen was very small. It was tightly 
closed by the upper lip (‘‘ upper jaw pad’”’) which projected over 
the lower jaw, the lower lip being represented merely by a thin 
fold of skin. The upper lip was stout in shape, flabby in struc- 
ture, in the newly-killed specimen; tongue-shaped, smooth and 
hairless on the surface. The tusks, one of which was broken, 
projected through the skin above it, not from the mouth, as has 
