250 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. [|December, 1905. 
wane, tate, wafsas, wala, wafaqe, aouae, 
ce e A 5 . 3 
eameyal, searaate | But this gives us no clue to the identi- 
fication of the sect, save and except that they were non-Buddhists, 
Haribhadra, however, tells us that these were Saivas and Hari- 
bhadra belongs to the fifth century of the Christian era. 
Haribhadra’s statement is borne out by two facts. Sutra 8, 
Chapter I., seems to be out of place. The pramanas are defined 
in the four previous Sutras, and, all of a sudden, comes a Sitra 
subdividing sabda; subdivisions of Sabda are unknown in other 
systems of philosophy. It is generally translated by the word, 
“dogma.” ‘The distinctions between the Revealed Word and the 
Ordinary Word is peculiar to the Nyayastitras. It is not Buddhis- 
tic, because they did not know of this subdivision. And in the 
fifth century, they discarded dogma altogether. Moreover, the 
introduction of this Sttra explains the introduction of the section, 
on the authority of the Vedas, and along with it, ofa quarrel with 
the Mimamsakas on the eternity of sound. 
All this seems to be the work of a Hindu sect which we take 
to be the Saivas at the instance of Haribhadra. These are a 
compromise between the Hindus and the Buddhists. 
So the present Nyayasatras consist of three treatises on Logic. 
And the bit of Hindu systems of philosophy that it contained has 
been mixed up with two other systems of philosophy, which have 
been laterly interpolated into the book. 
Even after a careful examination, I do not find the Nine 
Reasons and Fourteen Fallacies attributed to Akgapada by the 
Chinese authorities. There are chapters on fallacies and ‘ homo- 
geneity, and heterogeneity’ play an important part in the Nyaya- 
sitras. But yet no “ Nine Reasons” and “ Fourteen Fallacies.” 
Perhaps the primitive work of Aksapada was systematised in 
yery early times by another person named Gotama. But this 
is diving too deep into the antiquity of Hindu thought, and our 
appliances are not sufficient for the purpose. 
Kee eee eee OOOO 
