166 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1887. 



in his Notes on the Tinue or Chippewyan Indians, gives the figure of 



an infant sitting on a diminutive lt bedstead," having a soft fur seat. 



The body of the child is bandaged to the high back of the seat. (Fig. 3.) 

 The same observation just made concerning the 

 Eskimo is true of the Indians on the Upper Yukon. 

 Dr.Dall informsmethat their homes are permanent, 

 and that there therefore is no need of the cradle- 

 frame. The infant, if lashed at all, is fastened in a 

 kind of coal-scuttle-shaped cradle, and at night 

 sleeps in a hammock or on the banquette. 

 Mg. 3. E. W. Nelson has sent to the Smithsonian Insti- 



chippewyan child-frame, tution, among the many thousands of specimens col- 



(From Notes on the Tinne Indians. i A j j/i i j_j_i j" j_ tx t • 



By strain Jones.) lected throughout the entire western Eskimo area, 



the model of a trough-shaped cradle of birch bark, made from three 

 pieces, forming, respectively, the bottom, the top and hood, and the 

 awning. (Fig. 4.) The two pieces forming the bottom and the hood 

 overlap an inch and a half, and are sewed together with a single 

 basting of pine root, with stitches half an inch long. Around the bor- 



118). In Dr. Richardson's narrative of his expedition eastward from +he mouth of the 

 Mackenzie, he speaks of coast Eskimo women who " draw their children out of 

 their wide boots, where they are accustomed to carry them naked" (i, p. 226). 

 Franklin, Parry, Back, Richardson, and the more modern explorers, speak of the flat 

 nose of the Eskimo. As in Oceanica this may be the result of compression, since Sir 

 John Ross (Voyage to Baffin's Bay, London, 1819, 4to) found "small straight" noses 

 and "large aquiline" noses among the Arctic Highlanders of Prince Regent's Bay 

 (pp. 126, 127). 



Holmberg says of the Koniagas (Eskimos"), that the posterior part of the head is 

 "not arched, but flat." The description of their huts and sleeping places suggests 

 that this may be the effect of hard pillows or head-rests on an incompletely ossified 

 skull. (Bancroft, Nat. Races of Pacific States, vol. I, p. 72.) 



Ledyard, who accompanied the expedition of Captain Cook to the North Pacific, 

 noticed the bowed legs of the Aleuts, and attributed it to their position in the boats, 

 in which they spend so much of their time. (Bancroft, Nat. Races of Pacific States, 

 vol. I, p. 88.) 



Hall, C. F. (Life with the Eskimo, London, 1864, 12mo) : Fac-simile of an Es- 

 kimo wood-cut showing mother and child, with position of latter in hood (vol. I, p. 

 53). Plate of child in what he calls (p. 98, vol. I) "the baby pouch" (vol. I, p. 

 159). " The infant is carried naked in the mother's hood, yet in close contact with the 

 parent's skin " (vol. I, p. 189). Compression of head (vol. II, p. 313). This is lateral, 

 made by the hands, and by a skin cap. But no cap could exert lateral pressure, and 

 the words " a little skin cap placed lightly over the compressed head, which is to be 

 kept there one year" (vol. n, p. 313), may not convey this idea. 



Hearne, Samuel, in the narrative of his journey from Prince of Wales Fort, in Hud- 

 son Bay, to the Northern Ocean (London, 1795), informs us that no cradles are in use 

 among the northern Indian tribes between 59° and 68° north. He says that the major- 

 ity of the children are bow-legged from the way in which they are carried. 



Portlock, in his Voyage Round the World (London, 1789), makes observations on 

 the general distortion of the legs among Indians of Prince William's Sound (p. 248). 



Kerr, Robert (Collection of Voyages and Travels, Loudon, 1824, 8vo vol. xvi) : 

 In Cook's description of the nativos of Nootka Sound, the same distortion of legs, from 

 position in canoe, ia noticed as has been before referred to. ( Fid. notes, passim, p. 



