234 EEPOET OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1887. 



Calvert, T. W. and J. (Fiji and- the Fijians. N. Y., 1^59. 8vo.) The hedof a chief, 

 made on the banquette, "is covered with mats, varying in number from two to ten, 

 and spread over a thick layer of dried grass aud elastic ferns, while on them are 

 placed two or three neat wooden or hainboo pillows" (p. 108). There was an elabo- 

 rate form of general Led. An infant is "anointed with oil and tumeric," but appar- 

 ently not swathed in anyway. The friends "plait small mats, measuring about 2 

 feet by 1, for the mother to nurse her babe upon." There is no notice that its bed is 

 not like that described above (p. 138). "Natives nurse the child sitting quite naked 

 astride the mother's hip, where it is kept from falling by her arm " (p. 139). 



The Calverts also describe the nose as "well shaped, with full nostrils, yet distinct 

 from the negro type." The "lower extremities" are "of the proportion generally 

 found amoug white people." The "mold of the body is decidedly European" (p. 

 82). Dr. Pickering (Eaces of Men, p. 147) says the Fijian crania are unique, have 

 "rather the negro outline," while "the profile" appears to be " as vertical, if not 

 more so, than in the white race." 



Nind,S. (Jour. Royal Geogr. Soc. London, 1832. 8vo. Vol. I.) Describing natives 

 of King George's Sound (Swan Eiver colony), Australia, he says: "For the first few 

 weeks the child is carried on the left arm in a fold of the cloak, but subsequently is 

 suspended on the shoulders" (p. 39). 



Foville, A. (Influence des Vetemens sur nos Organes, etc. Paris, 1834), describes 

 cases of cranial deformity and mental incapacity produced by bandaging the head 

 during infancy. 



Foville quotes Blumenbach (Collectio Craniorum) with reference to cases of antero- 

 posterior flattening accompanied by occipital protrusion, and to instances of the 

 pyramidal form of the Peruvian skull. He states that Turkish crania grooved by 

 ligatures have been found. 



M. Virey (Art. "Enfant," Die. des. Sci. M6d.) asserts that caps drawn tight by 

 ribbons will "force the head into a sugar-loaf shape, and produce idiocy" in infants. 



La Bret. (Compt. Eend. Soc. deBiologie. Paris, 1852, iv,etseq.) Sur la deformation 

 artiticielle du crane en Am6rique. The author gives a re"sume" of the opinions of well- 

 known writers on the production of cranial deformity by artificial means in North 

 and South America. 



Gueniot (Bull. Soc. de Chir.de Paris, 1870, 2d Ser. x, 382 et seq.), "Obliquite" par 

 propulsion unilat6rale," describes a case of flattening of the occipito-parietal 

 region on one side, accompanied by corresponding projection of the other, due to 

 constant position of the head on a hard surface during infancy. 



Dr. J. Thurnam (On Synostosis of the Cranial Bones. London, 1865), describes a 

 brachycephalous skull from the Eound Barrows, with a broad, shallow depression 

 passing behind the coroual suture, and over the occiput in the line of the transverse 

 spine. This was evidently the effect of some kind of head-dress ; probably, one such 

 as MM. Foville and Lunier has described as now in use in France. 



L. A. Gossei (Essai sur les d6formations artificielles du crane. Paris, 1855. Ack- 

 ermann. Neues Magazin vonBaldringer, Bel. 2, p. 5), says, "Hunc moreminGermauia 

 satis usitatum esse et Laurenberg ; etiam Hamburgmsis capita neonatorum vinculis 

 artificiose compressisse." Schade, J. De Singulari cranii cujusdum deformitate. 

 Gryphise, 1858, 11." 



Idem. Lunier (Essai sur les deformations artificielles du crane. Gosse. Paris, 18C5), 

 refers to this custom as prevailing in the Franco-Gallic Provinces, and adds, " Itague 

 hand difficile intellectu videtur, forsitan etiam hujus cranii deformitatem ca causa 

 affectam esse." 11. 



Idem. Andry (Gosse's essai) reports the same in Flanders. Shadel recognizes the 

 intra-uterine causes, aud for the most part occupies himself with distortion due to 

 affections of the sutures, following Hyrtl, Stahl, and Virchow. 



Case of what Gudniot calls Obliquite" par propulsion unilateral, "reported by M. 

 Mocquet. (Bull. Soc. Anat. de Paris, 1875, 1. 5G.) Cause stated to be in all such cases, 



