BIBLIOGRAPHY. 585 



Charles V. RileY. Bumble-Bees vs. Red Clover. 



Rural New Yorker, April 23, 1887, vol. 46, p. 273. 



Records the fact as to settlement in Europe of the question of the more or less complete 

 dependence of Red Clover for fertilization upon the Burnble-Bees. Records the recent experi- 

 ences in New Zealand where this clover was nearly sterile. After the European Bumble-Bee 

 was introduced and had spread rapidly, the beneficial effects on Red Clover were immediately 

 perceptible in a much more liberal seeding. 



Chables V. Riley. Notes on Icerya. Its probable origin on the Islands of Bourbon 

 and Mauritius. 



Pacific Rural Press, June 4, 1887, pp. 506, 507. 



Discusses the question of the identity of Icerya purchasi Maskell, with I. sacchari Signoret. 

 Expresses the opinion that they will be found identical. The question of synonomy here is an 

 important one, as it bears on the question of the original home of the species. If the two are 

 identical, Mauritius and Bourbon are probably the points or origin, as specimens are easily 

 transported with sugar from those points. 



To this are added extracts from correspondence bearing on this subject of origin as follows: 



Letter from Roland Trimen, of Cape Town, February 8, 1887. 



Letter from Frazer S. Crawford, of Adelaide, February 21, 1887. 



Letter from Baron von Muller, of Melbourne, March 21, 1887. 



tetter from L. M. Kirk, "Wellington, New Zealand, March 25, 1887. 



Extract from an article by E. J. Dunn, in Melbourne Argus, August, 1886. 



Charles V. Riley. The Hop Plant Louse. 



Waterville Times and Reflex June 17, 1887. 



Gives an account of recent discoveries in the life history of Phorodon humuli. It is now 

 definitely established that the winter eggs are laid on Plum ; that from these eggs hatch lice 

 that for three generations live on Plum, then become winged and migrate to the Hop, where 

 they increase and go through the well-known life history. Refutes the views heretofore held 

 on the subject, and explains how he was led to discover the true state of the case, and the im- 

 portant bearing of the discovery to hop-growers in regions not yet infested with the pest. 



Charles V. Riley. Two new Insect Pests. 



Rural New Yorker, June 25, 1887, vol. 46, p. 416. 



Treats of "A new apple pest," the Apple-leaf Flea-beetle (Haltica punctipennis Leconte), 

 and "A new destructive Cricket in Louisiana." The former had been found on Hawthorn by 

 the author as long ago as 1872. This year it appeared in great numbers near Gainesville and Gal- 

 veston, Texas, and did great damage. Paris green has been used against it successfully. The 

 latter has appeared in Catahoula Parish, Louisiana, in destructive numbers. It is a true Gryllus, 

 species as yet unknown, which eats a great variety of cultivated plants. Its method of work 

 is described, and a bran, sugar, and arsenic mash suggested as a remedy. 



Charles V. Riley. Report of the Entomologist. 



Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture, 1886, pp. 459-592, plates i-xi. 



Contains divisions and chapters with titles as follows: 



Introduction, pp. 459-465, containing a review of the work of the year in the division, with 

 comments on the reports of agents, a specification of plans and of work now under way. 



Miscellaneous insects, pp. 446-546, pi. i-xi, divided as follows: The Cottony Cushion-scale 

 {Icerya purchasi Maskell), pp. 466-492, pi. i-V; Buffalo-gnats, pp. 492-517, pi. vi-ix ; the Fall 

 "Web-worm, pp. 518-539, pi. x-xi ; Joint- worms, pp. 539-546. 



Silk-culture, pp. 546-552. 



Reports of agents: Report on remedies for the Cottony Cushion-scale, pp. 552-557, by D. "W. 

 Coquillett; report upon supplementary experiments on the Red Scale, by Albert Koebele, pp. 

 558-572; insects affecting small grains and grasses, by F. M. Webster, special agent, pp. 

 573-582; report on experiments in apiculture, by 3ST. "W. McLain, pp. 582-591. 



Charles V. Riley. The Cottony Cushion-scale {Icerya purchasi Maskell). 



Report of the Entomologist, Department of Agriculture, 1886, pp. 466-492, pi. i-v. 



Gives first an account of the dates of first acquaintance with the insect; geographical dis- 

 tribution, looking more particularly to its probable point of origin, its spread, and limitation 

 in California ; the range of food-plants in Australia, New Zealand, and California. The life- 

 history in all its stages is given in great detail and illustrated. The rate of growth is dis- 

 cussed, as are also its habits. The sweet secretion, called "honey-dew," is extremely abun- 

 dant, and attractive to other injects. Details mode of spread and distribution, gives a list of 

 natural enemies, among them a Microlepidopteron, Blastobasis iceryceella, n.sp., which is de- 

 scribed. A chalcid parasite has also been discovered, belonging to a new genus, character- 

 ized as Isodromus Howard, and described as I. iceryce, n. sp. Remedies and preventives are 

 disoussed, and spray solutions with a base of kerosene recommended as most likely to be 

 effective. 



