FIELDFARE. 201 
congeners, it has frequently been known to roost on the 
ground among fern, heath, or furze, on bushy commons. 
This bird is well known in Sweden, Russia, and Siberia, 
where it is found only in summer: in Poland, Prussia, and 
Austria, it remains the whole year; but in France, and the 
southern countries of Europe, it is a winter visitor, extend- 
ing its migration, in that season only, as before stated. 
The point of the beak is black: the base of the upper 
mandible dark brown, the base of the lower mandible pale 
yellow brown ; the space between the beak and the eye 
black ; the irides hazel brown ; the upper part of the head 
ash grey, spotted with dark brown; the neck, ear-coverts, 
upper part of the back, rump, and upper tail-coverts, ash 
grey ; the back, wings, and wing-coverts, rich hazel brown ; 
greater wing-coverts edged with grey ; wing-primaries dark 
slate grey, the outer edges and tips lighter grey, the shafts 
black : upper surface of tail-feathers nearly black ; the tail in 
form slightly forked: chin and throat golden amber, streaked 
longitudinally with black; the breast reddish brown, 
spotted with black: the belly, flanks, and under tail- 
coverts, white; the two latter spotted with greyish brown 
and dark brown: under wing-coverts white; under surface 
of wing-primaries and of the tail-feathers dark slaty grey : 
legs and toes dark brown ; claws black. 
The whole length of the Fieldfare is full ten inches: the 
length of the wing from the carpal joint, five inches and 
five-eighths ; the first wing-feather very short ; the second 
a little longer than the fifth ; the third and fourth feathers 
equal in length, and the longest in the wing. 
The female has the beak darker brown; the head more 
clouded with brown ; the colour of the back less pure, and 
the legs of a paler brown. 
