252 SYLVIAD A. 
that the Robin is one of the first to come, and one of 
the last to go. Mr. Hewitson also saw it in Norway. 
It is a constant resident throughout the year in the 
temperate and warmer parts of Hurope, abundant in Spain 
and Italy, from the last of which it passes over by Sicily 
and Malta to North Africa. The Robin was observed by 
Mr. Strickland at Smyrna in winter; and the Zoological 
Society have received specimens sent by Keith Abbott, 
Ksq. from Trebizond. 
In the adult bird, the beak and irides are black: upper 
part of the head, neck, back, upper tail-coverts and tail- 
feathers, a yellowish olive brown; quill-feathers rather 
darker, the outer edges olive brown; greater wing-co- 
verts tipped with buff: over the base of the beak, round 
the eye, the chin, throat, and upper part of the breast, 
reddish orange ; encircling this red is a narrow band of 
bluish grey, which is broadest near the shoulders: lower 
part of the breast and belly white; sides, flanks, and 
under tail-coverts, pale brown; under surface of wing and 
tail-feathers dusky grey; legs, toes, and claws, purple 
brown. 
The whole length of the bird is five inches and three- 
quarters. The length of the wing from the carpal joint 
to the end of the longest quill-feather, three inches: the 
first wing-feather but half the length of the second, which 
is not quite so long as the sixth; the third, fourth, and 
fifth nearly equal, and the longest in the wing. 
The female is not quite so large as the male, and her 
colours are less bright. 
The young birds before their first moult have the brown 
feathers of the head, back, and wing-coverts tipped with 
buff or very pale brown; throat and breast tinged with 
reddish brown, and margined with dark brown. 
