262 SYLVIADA. 
The Redstart was considered by Pennant and some other 
authors not to extend its range to the westward beyond 
Exeter ; but though rather rare in the eastern part of Corn- 
wall, it is not an uncommon bird in the extreme western 
part, as I learnt from the communications of Mr. Couch 
and Mr. Rodd. This bird also visits Wales now, and has 
been obtained once in Ireland, near Belfast, by Dr. J. D. 
Marshall, as I learnt from W. Thompson, Esq. 
In a northern direction from London, it is found in Suf- 
folk, Norfolk, Yorkshire, Northumberland, and various parts 
of Scotland, even to Sutherlandshire. Still further north, it 
visits Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Siberia, Russia, and from 
thence southward it is distributed over the more temperate 
parts of Europe. It is abundant in Holland, France, Pro- 
vence, Spain, and Italy. The Zoological Society have re- 
ceived skins from Tangiers, where it is said to be common. 
It is found during summer in Sicily and Malta, going from 
thence to Egypt. Specimens have been received from 
Trebizond, and also frem Erzeroom, about one hundred 
miles farther to the south-east of Trebizond. It has been 
found in Nepal, and M. Temminck includes it among the 
birds of Japan. 
In the adult male Redstart during summer the beak is 
black, with a narrow band of black feathers above its base ; 
the irides brown; the forehead white; the top of the head, 
the scapulars, back, and wing coverts, lead-grey ; wing- 
feathers brown, with the outer edges rather lighter ; upper 
tail-coverts and tail-feathers bright rufous chestnut, the 
centres only of the two middle tail-feathers being marked 
with a longitudinal strip of dark brown; the chin, throat, 
sides of the neck and face, including the eyes, jet black ; 
breast, belly, under wing and _tail-coverts, and under 
surface of tail-feathers, pale chestnut; under surface of 
