BLACK REDSTART. 265 
January 1833, a fourth example occurred at Teignmouth 
in Devonshire; and in December 1835, a specimen was 
shot near Bristol while flying about with some Stonechats 
among furze. It has also been obtained, once at least, 
in Ireland, on the concurrent testimony of Robert Ball, 
Hsq., of Dublin, and William Thompson, Esq., of Belfast. 
Since the publication of the first edition of this work, 
Black Redstarts have been obtained in Cornwall, at Teign- 
mouth in Devon, in the Isle of Wight, and in Kent. 
This bird, according to M. Nilsson, is very rare in Swe- 
den, and in the northern parts of the European Continent 
generally, and is seldom seen in Holland; it is, however, 
rather a common summer visitor to Germany, France, and 
Switzerland ; more plentiful in Provence, Spain, and Italy, 
in which countries it is resident from April to October, occa- 
sionally remaining in the South of Italy during the winter. 
It is found at Corfu, Sicily, and Malta. M. Temminck says 
it inhabits the Morea; and Mr. Strickland observed that 
it was common on the bare rocky hills near Smyrna, where 
it also remains during winter, Drummond Hay, Ksq., 
included it in his list of the birds of Tangiers. The 
specimen figured by Edwards in his twenty-ninth plate was 
received from Gibraltar; and the Prince of Musignano, 
when at sea in the spring of 1828, being then five hundred 
miles from Portugal and four hundred from Africa, obtained 
a specimen of this bird, which was caught with some other 
small birds on the rigging of the vessel, the wind at the 
time blowing strong from the eastward. 
The manners and habits of this bird are somewhat similar 
to those of the Redstart ; but it prefers stony places, and is 
rarely seen on the plains. Its food consists of worms, 
insects, in their various stages, the smaller fruits, and 
berries. It makes a nest in the clefts of rocks; and when 
