ROCK PIPIT. 435 
brown ; the outer tail-feather on each side pale brownish 
white, lightest in colour at the end; the next feather on 
each side dark brown, with a light-coloured tip only ; the 
next three on each side very dark brown; the two central 
feathers light brown, and shorter than the others; the tail 
in shape slightly forked; the chin dull white; the throat, 
breast, belly, and under tail-coverts, yellowish brown, 
slightly tinged with green, spotted and clouded with brown ; 
the flanks olive brown; the legs, toes, and claws brown ; 
the hind claw longer than the toe, larger than that of ’the 
Meadow Pipit, and considerably curved. 
The sexes do not differ in plumage; during the breeding 
season the adult birds on the upper surface of the body are 
of a dull brown; but slightly tinged with green, and the 
outer tail-feathers on each side exhibit more white. After 
the breeding season, old birds and the young birds of the 
year have more of the olive tint above, and the outside tail- 
feathers are dull whitish brown. 
The whole length of an adult bird is about six inches and 
three-quarters, but rather less than more. From the carpal 
joint to the end of the longest primary three inches and five- 
eighths: the first quill-feather rather the longest of the 
whole; the next three but a trifle shorter than each other 
in succession; the fifth feather three-eighths of an inch 
shorter than the fourth. 
