RICHARD’S PIPIT. 439 
The whole length of the male bird is seven inches and 
three-quarters. From the carpal bone to the end of the 
longest primary quill-feather, three inches and five-eighths ; 
the first four feathers of the wing are very nearly equal in 
length, but the first is rather the longest, and the three next 
im succession are each a very little shorter than that which 
precedes it; the fifth feather is a quarter of an inch 
shorter than the fourth. 
These birds exhibit the green tinge on the upper surface, 
and the reddish colour over the breast and flanks observed 
periodically in other Pipits; but the females are less rufous 
than the males. 
- The vignette at the foot of page 426 represents, of the 
natural size, the feet of the four British species of the genus 
_Anthus, in the order in which they have been described here, 
namely, No. 1, the Tree Pipit, No. 2, the Meadow Pipit, 
No. 3, the Rock Pipit, and No. 4, Richard’s Pipit, and 
considerable modifications prevail in each: here, however, 
the alteration in the form of the hind claw is accompanied 
by a difference in the manners of the birds, witness the 
arboreal habits in connection with the short hind claw of 
the first, the Tree Pipit, and the decided terrestrial habits 
in conjunction with the elongated hind claw in the last, or 
Richard’s Pipit. Mr. Vigors some years ago suggested the 
propriety of removing Richard’s Pipit from the genus 
Anthus, and proposed for it the term Corydalla, but this 
distinction has not, that I am aware, been adopted by 
systematic writers. 
