49 4 EMBERIZID A. 
all the under surface of the body, bright lemon-yellow, 
clouded on the breast and flanks with reddish brown ; under 
wing and tail-coverts yellow ; under surface of wing and 
tail feathers grey ; legs, toes, and claws, light brown. 
The whole length of the bird seven inches, From the 
carpal joint to the end of the wing, three inches and a 
half: the first three primaries nearly equal in length, but 
the first rather the longest ; the fourth a little shorter than 
the third, and the fifth one quarter of an inch shorter than 
the fourth. 
The female has much less yellow about the head, and 
her colours are in general much less vivid. 
Young birds have no yellow colour on the head till after 
their first autumn moult, and the head is patched with 
dusky black. Young males after their first moult have 
the yellow colour much more mixed with greyish dusky 
spots than older males: the bright lemon-yellow colour in 
very old males is extended over a larger surface. 
