TREE SPARROW. 519 
shire, as I learn from Robert Slaney, Esq., M.P., and Mr. 
Thomas Eyton. In Lancaster it has been observed about 
Chat Moss. On the eastern side of England, this bird 
appears to be a winter visitor at Southchurch im Essex, ac- 
cording to the observations of Mr. Parsons. It is found in 
Surrey, Suffolk, Norfolk, Cambridgeshire, Rutland, Lincoln- 
shire, about Wainfleet, in Yorkshire at various localities ; 
in Durham, and also in Northumberland; but I am unable 
to trace it much farther north than Neweastle, and it does 
not appear to have been noticed in Scotland. 
Professor Nilsson includes the Tree Sparrow in his work 
on the Birds of Sweden, and also in his Fauna of Seandi- 
navia, where he says it frequents gardens; and some 
authors have stated that this bird was found as far to the 
west of the EKuropean Continent as Hudson’s Bay and North 
America; but this appears to have been a mistake, and 
refers to another species. The geographical range of the 
Tree Sparrow is to the northward and the eastward ; it in- 
habits Lapland and Siberia: specimens have been received 
by Mr. Gould from the Himalaya mountain range and from 
China, it has been found in Nepal and at Calcutta, and M. 
Temminck includes it also in his Birds of Japan. In the 
southern part of Europe it is well known, being rather a 
common bird in France, Provence, Spain, and Italy, Sicily, 
Malta and Africa. 
In summer the beak of the male is of a bluish lead 
colour; the irides hazel; the head and neck chestnut, 
bounded with white on each side of the neck; the back 
and wings reddish brown, streaked with pure black ; both 
sets of wing-coverts black, edged with chestnut and tipped 
with white; primaries black, margined with brown; ter- 
tials broadly edged with chestnut brown ; rump and upper- 
tail-coverts uniform pale brown ; tail-feathers greyish 
