560 FRINGILLIDA. 
supposed combination, that the geographical range of the 
species is very considerable. It inhabits Scandinavia in 
summer; and M. Temminck says he has received speci- 
mens from Greenland, which did not differ from those which 
are obtained in Europe. Like most birds which visit the 
Arctic Regions, this species is found in the northern parts of 
America and Asia as well as Europe; and M. Temminck 
mentions having received specimens from Japan. 
The beak is much larger than that of the Common Red- 
pole, but of the same form, and yellowish brown, the under 
mandible bemg the lightest in colour; the irides dusky 
brown ; in winter the feathers of the forehead dark red ; 
back of the head, neck, upper part of the back, and the 
smaller wing-coverts, a mixture of dark and light brown, 
the middle of each feather being the darkest part; the 
smaller wing-coverts tipped with dull white, forming a short 
bar; the greater wing-coverts uniform dark brown, with 
broader ends of dull white, forming a conspicuous bar; 
quill-feathers greyish brown; the primaries with narrow, 
and the tertials with broader outer edges, of dull white ; 
lower part of the back, the rump, and upper tail-coverts, 
mealy, or greyish white, with a few dark brown streaks ; 
tail-feathers greyish brown, with light brown edges, the 
two in the middle short: the form of the tail deeply 
forked ; the chin almost black; the cheeks, ear-coverts, 
neck, breast, belly, and under tail-coverts, pale brownish 
white, streaked with darker brown, except on the middle of 
the breast and belly, which are plain: the dark streaks are 
largest on the flanks; the legs, toes, and claws, dark 
brown. 
The whole length five inches and a quarter. From the 
carpal joint to the end of the wing, two inches and seven- 
eighths: the first, second, and third quill-feathers nearly 
