July 11, 1878. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
35 
ally took my attention. It wasa row of Peas, which instead 
of a row of pea sticks appeared to be supported by two rows 
of espaliers, but which afterwards proved to be Wilkinson’s 
registered pea trainers. ‘The row seemed so neat and tidy 
that I was induced to take a good look at what I thought must 
prove a benefit to gardeners who have a difficulty in procur- 
ing pea sticks. So simple is this arrangement that a child 
might understand it. The strainers for the wire are so small 
that they can hardly be detected a few yards off, and with any- 
thing like ordinary care they will last twenty years.—S. W. 8. 
NOTES ON VILLA AND SUBURBAN GARDENING. 
KitcHen GARDEN.—After the recent heavy rains there is no 
kind of soil that will not be benefited by being stirred with a 
hoe. It is a most important operation for the well-being of every 
crop, and for killing the myriads of seedling weeds that so fre- 
quently put in an appearance at this period of the year. As soon 
as Peas have ceased bearing clear them off the ground and re- 
plant the vacant space with Broccoli, Brussels Sprouts, Cabbage, or 
anything else of the Brassica tribe that will be required for winter 
supply. Dig Potatoes at present as they are wanted, for while 
unripe they are best dug fresh for cooking every day. Clear all 
loose haulm away and level the ground as the work of digging 
proceeds. This should also have another crop planted on it to 
fill-up close as the Potatoes are dug. 
The main crop of Celery must now be planted in well-manured 
trenches as previously advised. Where Spinach is in much 
request a sowing must be made very frequently, as at this season 
of the year it will not remain long before running into a flowering 
state. A sowing of Coleworts will be found useful to succeed 
those sown last month. Cauliflowers as they are cut should be 
pulled up by the roots, and the old stumps should be thrown into 
the refuse heap to decay. It is too often the case that if left on 
the ground both these and Cabbage leaves emit a most disagree- 
able smell. Make further sowings of Paris White Cos Lettuce, 
and give plenty of water to advancing crops. Frequent sowing, 
watering, and hoeing constitute the grand secret in procuring 
crisp and well-grown Lettuce. The round Cabbage varieties of 
Lettuce are sometimes required, especially with the chief of the 
cooking department. The most useful of all is undoubtedly All 
the Year Round. We have now for nearly a dozen years grown 
this Lettuce, and find our old friend as constant and true as ever. 
The present is most favourable for making new plantations of 
Strawberries, and perhaps after all the most economical way is to 
layer the plants in pots as if prepared for forcing. Procure some 
60-size pots, fill them with soil of a light sandy nature, place the 
runner on the top of the soil in these pots, and either pin with a 
peg or lay a moderate-size stone on the rhizome of the runner, 
which will be sufficient to keep it in its place until it has emitted 
roots. As soon as the small roots have filled the pots the plants 
should be replanted in a deeply dug and richly manured piece of 
ground, Many cultivators plant them on ground which has 
previously been occupied with Potatoes. Plant them 2 feet be- 
tween the rows and 18 inches from plant to plant, and if esta- 
blished in this way early a very fair crop of the largest-sized fruit 
will be produced next season. There are also other methods 
of procuring runners which will not entail as much labour as 
the first one, such as allowing them to root around the parent 
plant, and subsequently lifting them with a fork and planting as 
before advised. Some cultivators plant them much closer than is 
here adyised, and after the first year lift every other plant. Sir 
Joseph Paxton and President are yet fayourite kinds with many, 
and are most prolific bearers. James Veitch, Lucas, and Her 
Majesty attain to a very large size, and are very good in quality. 
After planting should dry weather set in it will be necessary to 
give plenty of water in order that the plants emit roots deep into 
the ground and make good plump crowns by the autumn. 
In the flower garden and pleasure ground there are yet many 
little requisites to be completed before we can feel that we may 
have a season of rest. Rhododendrons, Kalmias, and other 
American plants which haye gone out of bloom require to have 
all the seed pods picked off. This, no doubt, is more important 
than it at first sight would appear, insomuch as allowing them to 
remain not only gives an unsightly appearance to the shrubs, 
but it has the effect of seriously impairing the production of 
bloom for next year. Hedges of Yew, Laurel, Holly, or Privet, &., 
now require clipping. The exuberant growth made will be the 
means of filling-up weak or hollow places. Where such is the 
case do not cut so close as where the hedge is matured. When the 
hedge is finished it should be quite level and of one continuous 
height. Holly, Yew, Thorn, or Privet can be cut with a pair of 
garden shears, but Laurel is best cut with a pruning kmife, as the 
leaves are large and are apt to be cut in half with the shears. In 
quite young hedges and which have not yet grown nearly to the 
required height we do not advise close clipping, only merely 
stopping any irregularities both on the sides and tops. We have 
Bpbeerved hedges, particularly Holly, which have had yearly 
q rely a judicious stopping and training make good impenetrable 
hedges in eight or ten years, whereas hedges that have been close 
shaven yearly haye not been nearly so good in the same time. 
Flower beds require the edges cutting neatly and the hoe 
lightly passed between the plants. All decayéd flowers must be 
picked off, and all plants of a straggling habit should be regu- 
lated and pegged out in order that in a very short time the flower 
garden may be at its gayest, and we may reap the reward of our 
labours. 
Ross have as a rule, considering the many disadvantages they 
have had to contend against, been particularly good. Heavy 
thunderstorms followed by a few days of real tropical weather 
have made very short work of all our cut-back plants. The 
supply has been abundant, and the new growths formed are 
indeed very promising for autumn supply. The light Roses have 
never perhaps been seen in better form. Capitaine Christy, 
Souvenir d’Hlise, and numerous others have been seen in their 
finest condition, but we hope to haye more to note on their 
qualities. Briar and other stocks are ready for budding, which 
may be performed now at any time at convenience; but as at 
present it appears there will be a difficulty in procuring buds to 
insert, as many varieties are making their new growths. Having 
your Briar stocks in readiness choose a plump shoot on which the 
leayes are large and perfect, and on which the side buds have not 
yet begun to grow. Make an incision on the shoot in which it 
is intended to insert the bud, using a cross cut in the form of a 
letter T, bind over the bud with some cotton or soft bast, and in 
a few weeks it will be seen that the shoot is getting firm under 
the tie, and before it begins to swell the ties must be cut. 
WORK FOR THE WEEK. 
KITCHEN GARDEN. 
MAKE a sowing of Cabbage for use in spring. Hill’s Incom- 
parable, Wheeler’s Imperial, Carter’s Heartwell, and Wheeler’s 
Cocoa Nut are the best for this sowing. In the south and warm 
localities sowing should be deferred until the 20th to 24th of this 
month, but in cold localities sow forthwith. They form an ex- 
cellent succeeding crop to Onions. The seed should be sown 
rather thinly in not oyer-rich soil, and when the plants have a 
leaf or two in addition to the seed leaves prick them off 3 to 
4 inches apart to keep the plants sturdy, transplanting finally 
early in September. A sowing may also be made of the Tripoli 
section of Onions, particularly for drawing early in spring, for 
which purpose White Lisbon is admirably adapted, being very 
hardy and mild in flavour. Giant Rocco, Giant Madeira, White 
Italian, and Neapolitan Marzagole are fine sorts. The ground 
should be in good heart, especially if large bulbs are required. 
Sow the seed in rows a foot apart. Except in cold localities and 
for early use sowing should be deferred until the early part of 
next month. A last sowing of French Beans should be made 
upon a warm border. Negro Long-podded, from its enduring cold 
and wet better than most others, is admirably suited for this sow- 
ing. Sow also a moderate breadth of Peas of the early kinds, 
such as William I. and First-and-Best. If the autumn be mild 
they afford acceptable crops. Do not omit sowing a good breadth 
of Turnips—Snowball, White Stone or Six-weeks, and Golden 
Ball—for use in late summer and autumn, To preserve the seed- 
lings from the rayages of the Turnip fly, dust them during the 
early morning with quicklime. Get cut a good breadth of Cauli- 
flower for use in early autumn. This is also the best time for 
planting the main crops of Broccoli, it being advisable in very 
rich soils to plant without digging the ground, merely pointing it 
over lightly with a fork to arrest the growth of weeds; in loose 
soils hoeing will be sufficient. Plant in rows 3 feet apart and 
2 feet asunder in the rows. Continue to plant out the different 
descriptions of Greens for winter and spring use, the main crops 
of which should not longer be delayed. Plant out the late crop 
of Celery as soon as possible, selecting well-drained ground. Sow 
a good breadth of Lettuce—Hicks’ Hardy White Cos, Bath Cos 
Sugarloaf, All the Year Round, and Neapolitan Cabbage Lettuces 
—for late summer and early autumn supply. Maintain the supply 
of Radishes by sowings as required to meet the demand, also 
Spinach. Do not neglect the watering of Peas, Runner and 
Dwarf Kidney Beans, also Cauliflower, pouring the water along 
both sides of the rows, affording if possible liquid manure, and 
then mulch the surface. It is the only way to insure a succession 
of tender vegetables in hot weather. Attend well to the watering 
of Vegetable Marrows, ridge Cucumbers, and Tomatoes, keepins 
the latter, whether against walls or trained to stakes, well stopped: 
and when a sufficiency of fruit is set stop the leading shoots, not 
wasting the energies of the plant in needless growths, admitting 
air and light also to the fruit. 
HARDY FRUIT GARDEN. 
Strawberries—Runners that haye been layered in pots for 
forcing and planting purposes must be induced by attentive 
watering to fill the pots with roots speedily. If they have not 
yet been layered lose no time in doing so. The first runners are 
the strongest and best, and being rooted early time is afforded 
them to become well established and form good crowns. Plant 
the runners out as soon as the roots protrude from the pots, firm- 
