July 25, 1878. J 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
67 
grounds, first Mr. Douglas, second Mr. C. Turner, third Mr. Hooper, 
‘Bath, fourth Mr. B. Simonite, and fifth Mr. E.S. Dodwell. Mr. 
Douglas’s flowers were not named, but many of them were wonder- 
fully rich in colour, Mr. Tumner’s—a beautiful stand—contained 
Tiady Rosebery, Géant des Batailles, Cremorne, Guernsey Belle, 
Imperial Purple, Fire Eater,"King of Yellows, Albert Chancellor, 
Hlysian Beauty, Unexpected, and Christine. In the class for 
twelve blooms, which brought out ten collections, Mr. Turner 
again won the chief position with a beautiful stand containing the 
following that were not represented in the preceding class— 
namely, Alice Waite, Sentinel, Prince of Orange, Princess Beatrice, 
and Rose of Denmark. Mr. Catley, Bath, was placed second ; 
Mr. Hooper, Bath, third ; and Dr. Abercrombie fourth. 
In Class L, for twelve plants in pots not exceeding 8 inches in 
diameter, Mr. C. Turner was first with a wonderful collection 
exhibited in 7-inch pots, each plant carrying from ten to twenty 
fine blooms. All of the varieties were seedlings exhibited for the 
first time, buff grounds prevailing. First-class certificates were 
awarded to the Earl of Beaconsfield, reddish buff ground with 
heavy scarlet flake, a grand flower; to Ophir, clear sulphur, very 
chaste ; to Henry Tait, sulphur ground heavily flaked with deep 
zose ; Eleanor, pale buff faintly edged with rose ; and Alice, clear 
deep sulphur flaked with scarlet. Mr. Turner had also similar 
awards for the following exhibited as cut blooms—Royal Visit, 
heavy rose edge, very stout broad petals; and for Mr. Payne, 
light rose edge, very smooth and clean. Mr. Douglas had the 
second prize for plants in pots with well-grown examples, con- 
taining fine blooms of varieties of established merit. 
Mr. Thomas Ware, Tottenham, exhibited a collection of pro- 
mising seedlings of yellow-ground and self Picotees. Sulphur 
Xing was very clear in colour : the flowers are small, but distinct 
and attractive. This variety and Lady Armitage were also exhi- 
bited in pots by Mr. Ware. 
The Exhibition was in all respects highly satisfactory, and we 
trust it will give an impetus to the more extensive cultivation of 
these beautiful hardy flowers. 
NATIONAL ROSE SOCIETY. 
OUTLINE SUGGESTIONS AS TO JUDGING AT ROSE SHOWS. 
THE following suggestions compiled from expressed opinions 
of leading rosarians were adopted and confirmed at a meeting 
of the General Committee of the Society held May 28th, 1878, 
and presided over by Mr. R. N. G. Baker. 
JupGES.—1, The judges shall, as far as possible, be three in 
number for all small shows and for all sections of large shows. 
2, They shall be selected principally from successful exhibitors. 
8, They shall have no manner of interest in the section in which 
they are judging. 4, They shall begin punctually at the hour 
appointed. 
Boxsrs.—1, Roses must be judged as they are in the boxes at 
the time of inspection. No other consideration of any kind is 
admissible. 2, The boxes should be of the regulation size and 
shape and set out with moss, unless otherwise specified. Boxes 
of the regulation size are 4 inches high in front, and 1 foot 6 inches 
wide. 
Prizes.—l, No exhibitor may obtain more than one prize in the 
same class. 2, All Roses shown must have been cut from plants 
xvhich have been the property of the exhibitor for not less than 
three months previously. 3, All Roses should be correctly named. 
4, The showing of duplicates under the same name, still more 
under a different one, will disqualify the exhibitor. Judges are 
expected to look closely to this. 5, Judges have power to dis- 
qualify for any infringement of the rules on the schedule. 
MerTHoD OF JuDGING.—1, First cast out all bad boxes. 2, Then 
compare the residue. 3, The following, when necessary, shall be 
the method of comparison :—a, One of the judges should count 
and designate the good blooms. 6, The othertwo should stand by, 
and stop him when they do not agree. c, In every difference of 
Opinion a majority shall decide. d, The result of such counting 
shall form the decision. 
Pornts.—W here points are found necessary they shall be allotted 
as follows :—1, Three points shall be given for the best blooms, two 
for mediums, one for those not so good but not bad enough to cut 
out, and an extra point for a very superior bloom. 2, One point 
shall be taken off from the box for every case of decided badness, 
8, Teas and Noisettes shall have no especial fayour shown to 
them as such. 4, Where stands are equal in respect of blooms 
judges shall proceed to consider the general evenness, variety, 
arrangement, and setting-up, the boxes being placed side by side 
and in the same light for that purpose. 
DEFINITIONS.—1, A bloom or truss shall be taken to mean a 
Rose, with or without buds and foliage, as cut from the tree. 2, 
A good Rose must have form, size, brightness, substance, foliage, 
and be at the time of judging im the most perfect phase of its 
possible beauty. 3, A bad Rose.—All blooms or trusses shall be 
considered bad that have faulty shape, confused centre, or faded 
colour, and which are either: undersized or oversized to the extent 
of coarseness or of overblooming, 4, Form shall imply petals 
abundant and of good substance, regularly and gracefully dis- 
posed within a circular symmetrical outline. 5, Brightness shall 
include freshness of colour, brilliancy, and purity. 
NEWCASTLE FLOWER SHOW. 
For a considerable time little was heard of the Botanical and 
Horticultural Society of Durham and Northumberland, which has 
bad its head-quarters at Newcastle for more than half a century. 
During some years anterior to 1875 it was regarded as very local 
in its nature, and scarcely anything was done to expand its opera- 
tions and to establish it on a firmer broader basis. By the efforts 
of a band of earnest able workers, headed by two Honorary Secre- 
taries of remarkable administrative ability, the Society was raised 
from its former local obscurity, and in an almost incredibly short 
time was placed in its present commanding position, The progress 
the Society has made since the present Committee was appointed 
is something wonderful. Three years ago the number of sub- 
scribers was less than four hundred, now its members are four 
thousand and still increasing. It is evident, too, that the great 
majority of these take a real interest in the exhibitions, as also 
indeed do the inhabitants generally of the populous district of 
which Newcastle is the centre. Unless this were so there could 
be no such crowds as those which assemble at the shows that are 
periodically provided. 
The Show, which was held in Leazes Park on the 18th and 
19th inst., was more numerously attended than was any previous 
Exhibition, and the greatest satisfaction was generally expressed 
by the visitors as to the beauty and excellency of the display. In 
arrangement the Exhibition was unique, and its effect, viewed as 
a complete picture, was extremely picturesque. The collections 
were arranged in five tents, each 130 feet by 30. These tents were 
not isolated in such a manner as to break up the Exhibition, but 
were placed side by side so as to form one immense marquee. The 
arrangement will be understood by likening it to a series of large 
span-roofed plant houses being turned into one by the removal 
of the inner walls, and supporting the roofs on pillars. The 
pillars supporting the canvas were not rough and unsightly, as too 
often is the case, but were made to contribute to the effectiveness 
of the Exhibition. They were covered with calico, blue and white 
alternately, and just gave the colours that were wanted to set off 
the Show to advantage. Besides the great floral pavilion referred 
to a large circular tent was provided, the centre of which was 
wholly occupied by a very varied and valuable collection of plants 
arranged by Messrs. James Veitch & Son, Chelsea. Ferns in this 
attractive group, which occupied 200 square feet of space, were 
represented by Nephrolepis pluma and N. dayallioides Youngii, Ni- 
phobolis lingua corymbifera, Asplenium ferrulaceum, Polypodium 
elegantissimum, Rhipidopteris peltata gracillima, Lomaria discolor 
bipinnatifida, and Adiantum Luddemannianum ; Orchids by An- 
guloa uniflora superba, Spathoglottis Petri, Odontoglossums Alex- 
andree and Roezlii, Cypripediums barbatum longifolium and Pa- 
rishii, Dendrochilum filiforme, Dendrobium thyrsiflorum, Mas- 
devallia Davisii, M. Veitchianum, and Epidendrum vitellinum 
majus. Amongst the Crotons we noticed Mortii, Earl of Derby, 
Challenger, Nobilis, and Bismarck. The collection also included 
Nepenthes and fine-foliaged plants in great variety, from stately 
Alocasias to such lowly gems as Anzctochiluses, Bertolonias, 
&c. The group was brightened by excellent Tuberous Begonias, 
and the fine hardy variegated Grass Eulalia japonica showed 
to great advantage. Never, perhaps, was a collection of plants 
more closely examined and criticised than by the immense throngs 
who visited the Show. Inthe same tent, and in fine contrast to 
the central group, was a beautiful collection of Conifer ex- 
hibited by Mr. Watson, Fenham Nurseries, Newcastle. They were 
small plants in splendid colour, and the following are quoted as 
admirable for baleony and other purposes of decoration :—Cu- 
pressus Lawsoniana and C. nutkeensis ; Thujas gigantea, elegant- 
issima, semperaurescens, and orientalis variegata ; Piceas nobilis, 
lasiocarpa, and Nordmanniana ; Thujopsis dolabrata variegata and 
borealis ; Taxus variegata and T. hybernica variegata ; Retino-. 
sporas plumosa aurea, pisifera lutescens, and ericoides. 
Turning to the classes, which numbered seventy-three in the 
schedule, we found in many of them, especially those for Roses 
and cut flowers, excellent competition. There was also an ex- 
tensive display of plants notwithstanding the lateness of the 
season for fresh flowering specimens, also some good fruit, but the 
display of this was limited. 
PuLantTs.—In the first and chief class for twenty plants, ten of 
them in bloom, staged for effect, only two collections were staged. 
The £25 prize and the Royal Horticultural Society’s silver medal 
was won by Mr. Tudgey, gardener to J. F. G. Williams, Hsq., 
Henwick Grange, Worcester, with very nearly the same plants that 
were successful at Preston. They were large, but not fresh, and 
we thought the Tree Ferns, Cycads, &c., would have looked better 
had they not been tilted so much, especially as the specimens were 
not exhibited on stages but on the level ground. The second 
prize of £15 was won by Mr. T. Wilson, gardener to Mrs. Fleming 
