284 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ October 10, 1878. 
off the glass every morning, the glass being tilted to admit fresh 
air, watering very sparingly or the roots will decay. A tempe- 
rature of 65° to 55° is suitable for them at this season. 
TO CORRESPONDENTS. 
*,* All correspondence should be directed either to ‘‘ The Editors ” 
or to “The Publisher.” Letters addressed to Mx. Johnson or 
Dr. Hogg often remain unopened unavoidably. We request 
that no one will write privately to any of our correspondents, 
as doing so subjects them to unjustifiable-trouble and expense. 
Correspondents should not mix up on the same sheet questions 
relating to Gardening and those on Poultry and Bee subjects, 
and should never send more than two or three questions at 
once. All articles intended for insertion should be written on 
one side of the paper only. We cannot reply to questions 
through the post. 
Books (J. D.).—Ma. Mechi’s book is very reliable, but we know nothing 
of the other work you speak of. “How to Farm Two Acres Profitably,” 
published at this office, will suit you perhaps. It can be had by post for 
thirteen postage stamps. (4. B.).—The book entitled “Our Farm Crops” is 
published by Fullerton, and a copy can be had by ordering through a book- 
seller. (2. D.)—We know of no book such as you ask for, but our “ Garden 
Manual,” price 1s..6¢., contains the information you need. (Jacko) —Our 
“Garden Manual,’ ls. 6d., post free 1s. 9d.; “Indoor Gardening,” ls. 6d., 
post free ls. 74d.; and “Outdoor Gardening,” 1s.6d., post free 1s. 73d., would 
suit you. They are published at our office. (Mr. W. Pickup, Waikoniti).— 
There is no English translation of the book you mention. The only com- 
plete work on the subject in English is Dr. Hogg’s “ Fruit Manual.’ 
To REMOVE THISTLES (4 Very Old Subscriber).—There are various kinds 
of Thistles which infest pasture laud, but especially the Spear or Bur- 
Thistle (Carduus lanceolatus), and the Field Thistle (C. arvensis). The 
former being a biennial can more easily be got rid of than the other, by 
preventing its seeding, and constant eradication. The latter must be con- 
tinually spudded so as to prevent it making any quantity of leaves, for being 
@ perennial you cannot get rid of it by any other means unless you break-up 
the pasture, which would never do. 
ROsEs (J. A. X.).—For exhibition purposes you cannot err by selecting 
the number you require from the “ Rose election” lists, and for garden 
decoration the Rey. W. F. Radclyffe has submitted an excellent selection in 
another column. 
ROSES DISEASED (WW. K.).—All the effects you mention are caused by 
failure ofa supply of sap. Mulch the surface of the soil, and water copiously 
in dry weather. 
GERANIUMS IN SOUTH DEVON (8S. H.).—In exceptionally mild winters 
we have known Geraniums and Calceolarias liye without protection, but they 
do not usually thrive well afterwards. Young plants planted out in the early 
summer months soon outstrip them. Sometimes the winters there are, as 
elsewhere, severe. We have known huge bushes of Myrtles killed to the 
ground which were growing 1n one of the mildest and most sheltered posi- 
tions in South Devon. 
HARDY FLOWERS (Z£. P. V.).—All the plants you mention are hardy. 
WORCESTER PEARMAIN APPLE (H. F. C.).—We think this excellent 
Apple is sufficiently hardy for a standard in the south of Scotland. The 
Pear which you describe is probably the Black Worcester. 
CULTURE OF LILY OF THE NILE (Susser).—The roots of Richardia 
zthiopica should not be subjected to a drying-off process at any period of 
the year. It is a native of Africa, and is found near the Cape, growing 
abundantly in swamps and pools of water. This fact, together with a know- 
ledge of the seasons of its native habitat, are our best guides to its successful 
culture. Spring time at the Cape begins in July or early in August, and 
that is precisely the time when this plant begins to push forth new growth 
with us. To turn this fact to full account we take care to shake the plants 
out of the pots in June, to divide them if necessary, and to plant them like 
Cabbage plants in a rich bed of soil in the open garden. In the north we 
should lift them and repot at the beginning of September ; in the south at 
the end of that month, leaving the pots out on abed of coal ashes for a week 
or two, or rather so long as there is no risk of damage by frost; then they 
are placed in the greenhouse, and soon begin to flower, and continue doing 
so long after Christmas if they have plenty of water and occasional doses of 
liquid manure. When turning out the plants in spring it is our practice to 
turn our surplus stock to valuable account by planting clumps in streams 
and ponds wherever the water is deep enough to afford thorough protection 
tothe roots from frost in winter. Such clumps form a prominent and strik- 
ing feature among our aquatic plants, among which the Richardia now 
ranks as high as it does among pot plants. 
_ CLEMATIS JACKMANTI IN BEDS (Jdem).—When other plants are planted 
in a bed of Clematis the only precaution necessary is to see that its roots 
sustain no injury either from laceration or starvation, which will be best 
effected by heavy top-dressings of rich soil and the exercise of due care in 
the planting or clearance of other plants. Bnlbs may be planted in tlie bed 
for producing a display in spring, but we do not think that annuals could be 
grown with the Clematis for flowering late in autumn. 
PRESERVING THE AUTUMN-TINTED LEAVES OF VIRGINIAN CREEPER. 
A Correspondent desires to know the proper mode of preserving the leaves 
intact. ; Owing to the formation of the two lower leaves in a group of five 
the ordinary mode of pressing in a book is fatal, the said lower leaves usually 
falling off on being flattened. 
AGAPANTHUS UMBELLATUS (G. H. F.).—It is a rhizome, and neither a 
bulb nor a tuber. 
STOVE (D. W.).—Write to Mr. T. Read, Engineer, 258, Old Street, London. 
TROPZOLUMS CHANGING COLOUR (&. J. W.).— All florists’ varieties 
raised from seed are liable to vary. 
PERENNIALS (H. S. B.).—We scarcely understand your letter, which 
stipulates for hardy plants “‘ that will flower from Christmas to Michaelmas ; ” 
in other words, from the end of December to the end of the September follow- 
ing, excluding those flowering in October, November,and December. Ifthat 
js what you mean the number is legion. Send to Mr. Ware, Hale Farm 
Nurseries, Tottenham, London, for his catalogue of hardy plants. If you 
state the number of plants you require we shall be glad to aid you. 
STRAWBERRY FOR LIGHT Som (P. B.).—President is one of the best 
varieties for light soil. Garibaldi also usually succeeds well on any fertile 
soil. 
OSAGE ORANGE.—* South American” wishes to know where he could 
obtain seeds of this shrub, and how to raise a fence of it. 
ROSES (J. R. C.)—When beginning to start in the spring water copiously 
once a week with weak liquid manure ; it will impart vigour to the trees. 
CoMPOST FOR VINE BORDER (Jacko).—Turfy loam taken from a pasture 
3 inches thick with its turf or not deeper than 6 inches, and where the soil is 
light preferably to heavy. This should be laid in a heap until the turf is 
reduced, then chopped up not very small, adding a tenth part of old mortar 
rubbish and a twentieth part of half-inch bones. If you use heavy clay soil 
add a sixth of old mortar rubbish, atenth of charcoal, and a like quantity of 
charred vegetable refuse, aud a fourth of fresh stable manure with the straw 
shaken out. The depth should be 2 feet 6 inches, and at a bottom of the 
border have 9 to 12-inch drainage of stones or brickbats. The same soil 
would grow Roses, but it is not desirable to have them in the same house. 
COMPOST FOR PEACHES (/dem).—Strong loam is most suitable with an 
admixture of about a tenth part of old mortar rubbish or chalk. Your clayey 
soil would grow them well, it being well drained, the border being 2 feet 
6inches deep. Roses would do better with them than with Vines. 
CUCUMBERS AND MELONS IN GREENHOUSE (/dem).—In summer they 
would succeed, provided they were kept in a temperature and moisture snited 
to their requirements, which is fatal to greenhouse plants. It is not neces- 
sary to have water between the top of the fiue and the soil, but a foot in 
thickness of rubble to prevent the fiue heat burning the roots. Turfy loam 
is a suitable compost, that for Melons being preferably heavy. 
GREENHOUSE (Cottager).—If you have a wall the cheapest form of house 
would be a lean-to without front lights, which would not require more than 
three openings at the top for ventilation of about 3 feet by 2feet. It would 
not be practicable to grow Cucumbers profitably along with plants unless 
you had the house for wintering Pelargoniums and other bedding-out plants 
in winter, and after the middle of May occupy it with Cucumbers. Com- 
petition is now so keen that unless you give in the labour there is little 
prospect of profit. 
ROSES IN POTS UNDER GLASS (W. H.).—Tea Roses would answer ad7 
mirably, training them to the rafters of the house as proposed. The weak 
growers would not be suitable, but the following would answer :—Marie 
Sisley, Madame Willermoz, Niphetos, Sombrenil, Madame Bravy, La Boule 
q@Or, Madame Jules Margottin, Madame de St. Joseph, Duchess of Edinburgh, 
Adam, Catherine Mermet, Coquette de Lyon, Céline Forestier, Belle Lyon- 
naise, Amazone, Comte de Paris, Safrano, and Marie Van Houtte. Maréchat 
Niel must not be omitted. 
FORM OF KITCHEN GARDEN (ZL. F.).—For the size you name we should 
prefer the square to a parallelogram, as the width of the latter is so dispro- 
portionate to the length; 60 yards long and 40 yards in breadth would be 
better, which we recommend preferably to the square, though that would 
answer well. Brick walls are most suitable; concrete walls we have no ex- 
perience of. Pears for standards are Jargonelle, Williams’ Bon Chrétien, 
Louise Bonne of Jersey, Comte de Lamy, Marie Louise, Beurré Diel. Walls. 
—Our selection would be Marie Louise, Gansel’s Bergamot, Benrré Diel, 
Forelle, Passe Colmar, Van Mons Leon le Clerc, Glou Morceau, and Berga- 
motte Esperen. Peaches: Hales’ Early, Dr. Hogg, Grosse Mignonne, Belle- 
garde, and Noblesse. Figs: Brown Turkey and Brunswick. ~ 
HEATING HOUSE WITH FLUE (/dem).—It is an impossibility to tell how 
many cubic feet of air will be heated to a given temperature without know- 
ing the heat of the radiating surface, but we find a fiue from a boiler passing 
through a house 10 to 12 feet in width gives off sufficient heat to exclude 
frost in a house 20 to 24 feet in length, the flue being raised above the floor 
and having all its surfaces exposed. 
CLIMBERS FOR WALL IN SMOKY LocaLiry (@. H. J.).—Ivy is the best 
of all, choosing for so low a wall the small-leaved varieties, as HederaS 
dentata, Donerailensis, rhomboidea obovata and its variegated form sagitte- 
folia, elegantissima, taurica, and tricolor variegata. Clematises aiso do well 
—Albert Victor, Lady Londesborough, Miss Bateman, Jackmanii, Law- 
soniana, and Lucy Lemoine. Honeysuckles—*Scarlet Trumpet, Early White 
Dutch, and *flexuosa. Jasminum nudiflorum, *J. officinale, Kerria japonica, 
*Ligustrum japonicum, and Ampelopsis Veitchii. Those marked with a 
star for the south wall along with Tea Roses Souvenir d’Elise, Madame de 
St. Joseph, Madame Jules Margottin, Madame Willermoz, Homére, Marie 
Sisley, Madame Berard, Marie Van Houtte, Duchess of Edinburgh, Comte de 
Paris, and Céline Forestier. Roses do not do well in smoky districts ; a few 
of the best are Alfred Colomb, John Hopper, Charles Lefebyre, Sénateur 
Vaisse, Madame Victor Verdier, Baronne de Rothschild, Boule de Neige, 
Auguste Neumann, Claude Levet, Francois Michelon, Géneral Jacqueminot, 
La France, Jean Dalmais, Dupuy Jamain, Francois Courtin, Leopold I1., 
Felicien David, Claude Levet, Baronne Louise Uxkull, Madame Clert, Louise 
Wood, Maréchal Vaillant, Thomas Methven, Olga Marix (all Hybrid Per- 
petuals), and Gloire de Dijon. 
FORMING CROQUET GROUND (Amatewr).—Turn up the whole of the 
ground and remoye the roots of the weeds of a perennial character, and, 
making the surface even, lay the part intended for croquet ground with turf, 
which is preferable to sowing with grass seeds. 
ROSES FOR ELEVATED POSITION (Portmore).—Over 500 feet above sea 
leyel we haye Hybrid Perpetuals Alfred Colomb, Annie Laxton, Baronne de 
Rothschild, Baronne Louise Uxkull, Bessie Johnson, Boule de Neige, Capitaine 
Christy, Charles Lefebyre, Claude Leyet, Comtesse de Chabrillant, Comtesse 
d’Oxford, Duke of Edinburgh, Edouard Morren, Elie Morel, Dupuy Jamain, 
Etienne Dupuy, Felicien Dayid, Francois Courtin, Francois Michelon, Général 
Jacqueminot, John Hopper, La France, Lord Raglan, Louis Van Houtte, 
Madame Clert, Madame Lacharme, Madame Laurent, Madame Victor Verdier, 
Maréchal Vaillant, Mrs. Veitch, Olga Marix, Prince Camille de Rohan, 
Princess Beatrice, Sénateur Vaisse, Thomas Methven, Thomas Mills, Princesse 
Antoinette Strozzio, May Turner, Miss Hassard, Comtesse de Serenye, Arthur 
Oger, and many more, but those succeed best. Bourbons—Armosa, Baronne 
Gonella, Sir Joseph Paxton ; and Tea Gloire de Dijon. 
PEARS DECAYING (H. W.).—They have probably been left too long on 
the trees. The specimen sent is scarcely recognisable, but we think it is 
Beurré d’Amanlis. 
