286 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ October 10, 1878. 
necessity because rabbits, hares, &c., injure the crop in a most 
extraordinary manner if left in the land where they grew. 
The preservation of Swedish turnips is of the utmost conse- 
quence, and if they are required for feeding bullocks at the home- 
stead they may be treated in the act of storing the same as man- 
golds, taking care, however, not to cut off the neck or stem, but 
to twist off the greens as recommended for mangolds. When the 
crop is required for feeding sheep in the open field, particularly 
when the seed has been early sown, it is best to take up the bulbs 
and cast them into heaps, which may be covered with earth if 
required to stand the winter, otherwise we often take them up 
and prepare them ready for the cutter about two or three weeks 
in advance of the sheep. We have found that early-sown Swedes 
will often rot in the land if not heaped and covered, or pitted 
as it is termed, besides which adjoining farms may be game 
preserves ; in which case if the roots are left in the land, although 
they may not rot, yet the injury by hares and rabbits will be 
great. hen they are pitted properly, or a deep double furrow 
ploughed to bury them in and earthed over in good season, they 
are safe against all casualties ; besides which, if we wish to obtain 
the full feeding value of the roots they should be taken up at 
an early period, especially if the leaves are mildewed, otherwise 
they lose their feeding properties. The hybrid turnips and the 
common varieties suffer in a much greater proportion than Swedes 
from the causes above stated if they are early sown; but as it is 
usual to sow these sorts of turnips later they will generally retain 
their feeding value until required for use, and are seldom stored, 
for they are generally consumed before the frost interferes with 
the feeding process. 
WORK ON THE HOME FARM. 
Horse Labour is now at its utmost value, as all the most import- 
ant tillage work of the year is now in progress, amongst which is 
the continuation of autumn tillage of the stubbles upon land in- 
tended for root crops next year, or for barley in the spring ; also 
the sowing of rye, winter vetches, and trifolium if not already 
sown, or if failed in plant, must be sown again, the sooner the 
better, with an increased quantity of seed, and not less than 
25 Ibs. per acre. The rye and winter vetches should not have the 
Jand worked too fine, as when left a little cloddy it takes the frost 
of winter better, and the plants are somewhat sheltered ; but in 
land where small ridges prevail the land furrows should be struck 
out with the double mould-board plough and well water-furrowed. 
Some of the horses may be employed in drawing manure from the 
home-farm yard or from mixen and laying out upon the clover 
leas in readiness for ploughing for wheat ; also the guano or arti- 
ficial manures required for wheat should be obtained and broucht 
from town or station in order that the guano may be properly 
broken ready for sowing. We, however, prefer to have it broken 
at the factory with their powerful bone mill, as the farm labourers 
searcely ever break it fine enough, eyen when they have proper 
implements for doing it. Damp ashes should also be provided for 
mixing with guano for sowing to prevent its flying before the 
wind, as we always recommend guano to be sown broadcast in 
preference to drilling with corn ; wealso recommend that artificial 
manures should be sown on the fallows after peas, turnips, &c., so 
that the dung may be laid and spread upon the clover lea. We 
find that 3 cwt. per acre of the best Peruvian guano is a sufficient 
dressing for wheat upon well-tilled land, and will produce a full 
bulk of straw. The odd horse or horses will be employed in cart- 
ing couch and stubble from the fields undergoing autumn fallow- 
ing, also in carting the daily supply of green fodder for soiling 
horses, cows, &c., there being still a cutting of clover upon most 
home farms either on the land coming in for wheat or upon the 
jand seeded to clover after the Lent corn, there being an unusual 
growth of latter grass this year—in fact, we have now grass fit 
for cutting for soiling cattle in the meadows, where they have not 
been fed since hay time, and we hesitated whether to feed it or 
cut up for soiling, but decided upon the latter. Hedge trimmings 
should also be carted to heap and burned, so as to be out of the 
way at ploughing time. 
Hand Labeur consists of winnowing corn both of oats and barley, 
but wheat may probably improve in condition by remaining awhile 
in stack as the harvest has been very stormy ; men will also be 
employed spreading dung on the clover leas, filling dung cart, 
mixing guano and ashes, trimming out the ditches and examining 
the outfalls of draining, stacking and thatching the ricks of barley 
and oat straw for fodder. The cattle man must pay attention to 
the weather, so that if night frosts commence the cattle should 
lie in a high and dry pasture at night, or else in a well-littered 
cattle yard and sheds ; and if feeding for the butcher they should 
have an allowance of oilcake mixed with the chaff and cavings 
from the barley and oat ricks ; the young steers also should be 
cared for at night and not allowed to be in meadows below the 
fog level, and need also receive some decorticated cotton cake with 
chaff in their night lair. Shepherds will now be engaged with 
the management required for the different flocks. The breeding 
Down ewes must have 2 constant change, but the keep should be 
bare. The store tegs should have better food with a change to 
turnips behind the fatting sheep, the best clover seeds being fed 
during the day by the sheep intended for the butcher, and at night 
a fold of turnips, rape, or cabbage, with an allowance of cotton 
cake and hay or straw chaff. If only hay is allowed and no cake 
the turnips should be prepared by women and passed through 
Gardener’s cutter for trough-feeding. 
THE POULTRY CLUB. 
A COMMITTEE MeETING of the Poultry Club was held on the 
25th ult. at the Charing Cross Hotel. Present, R. A. Boissier, 
T. C. Burnell, R. E. Horsfall, 8S. Matthew, and O. E. Cresswell 
(Hon. Secretary). The following Members were elected :—Charles 
Atkinson, Highthorn, Armley, Leeds ; H. Evans Broad, The Plan- 
tations, Warlingham, Surrey; Mrs. Cross, Appleby Vicarage, 
Brigg; John B. Compton, Hallyburton, Coupar Angus, N.B. ; 
Rey. Gonold S. Davies, Charterhouse, Godalming; Mrs. Hall, 
Dancer’s Hill House, Barnet; Captain John N. Preston, Flasby 
Hall, Gargrave, Leeds ; J. R. Rodbard, Aldwick Court, Wrington, 
Somerset ; Miss Agnes Sharp, Culverden Hill, Tunbridge Wells ; 
and Rey. J. P. Wright, Newborough Vicarage, Derby ; and the 
following Associate Members :—Reyv. E. Bartrum, Berkhampstead, 
Herts; W. Biddle, 27, Meriden Street, Birmingham; William 
Johnson, jun., Vostersberg, Cork; G. H. Lawrence, Morant’s 
Court, Sevenoaks ; P. H. Le Sueur, Granévale, Jersey ; Edward 
Morgan, 68, High Street, Hastings ; J. S. Playfoot, Dorking; Mrs. 
Troughton, Garthwyd Hall, Montgomeryshire; and Mrs. M. A. 
Wilson, Westal, Cheltenham. 
Representations from various individuals against a person wko 
advertised eggs were taken into consideration. Apparently he 
advertised his own at a high price, but sent inferior ones direct 
from another advertiser of cheap eggs to purchasers. The Se- 
cretary was instructed to ask for an explanation. 
A letter from Mr. Norwood of Salisbury was read to the Meeting, 
stating that in his opinion the trimming of the crests of White- 
crested Black Polands should be recognised, as is the trimming 
and dubbing of Spanish and Game; and that as with them the 
question as to whether the trimming was overdone or not should 
be left to the decision of the judge. The answer given was as 
follows :—The Committee decide that they cannot give their 
approval to the trimming of Black Polands’ crests as suggested. 
Wishing as much as possible to discourage trimming in every 
form, they would suggest to judges that they should not give too 
much weight to a small amount of black in a white crest, and are 
content to leave the matter, as heretofore, to their decision. 
The following resolution was passed :—That the subscriptions 
of Members and Associate Members who shall join the Club after 
the 1st of November, 1878, shall be held to cover all subscriptions 
due up to the end of 1879. 
As at the time cf the Meeting it seemed certain that tke 
Oxford Show would fall through, the following resolution was 
passed, and the Secretary was instructed to forward it to the 
Oxford Committee :—That the Committee of the Poultry Club 
hear with regret of the discontinuance of the Oxford Poultry 
Show, which has always been characterised by good management 
and prompt settlement ; and that the thanks of the Committee 
of the Poultry Club, on behalf of exhibitors, be tendered to the 
managers of the late Shows for their gratuitious services during 
the last six years. 
The “ Rules for the Management of Poultry Shows,” published 
not long since, were then discussed, and in their present form 
rescinded, it being decided that many of them might more appro- 
priately be incorporated with certain alterations in the general 
rules of the Club. The following six rules were agreed upon to 
be necessarily inserted in the schedule of all shows held under 
the patronage of the Club :—1, Any exhibitcr who has been dis- 
qualified by the Committee of the Poultry Club for fraudulent 
practices is ineligible to compete at this show. 2, No person is 
allowed to exhibit borrowed birds. 3, Exhibitors and their 
servants will not be allowed to pen or unpen their birds. 4, No 
bird may be removed from the show before the close of the same, 
save on account of illness and with the secretary’s consent. 5, It 
will be open to anyone to lodge a protest for fraudulent practices 
against an exhibitor on paying £1 deposit, and such further sum as 
shall be necessary to defray the expenses, the deposit to be forfeited 
should the protest be considered frivolous by the Committee. 
Should the protest be sustained the deposit will be returned and 
the expenses paid by the Poultry Club. 6, An exhibitor who 
shall be disqualified for frandulent practices shall forfeit all or 
any prizes or cups that may have been awarded to him or her at 
this show, in addition to entry fees. 
HIGH-COLOURED CANARIES. 
RESPECTING high-coloured Canaries “ A. K. C.” asks the fol 
lowing questions, to which we have much pleasure in replying. _ 
1, Do canary and hempseed given occasionally to the birds 
destroy the effect of the cayenne pepper? If canary and hemp- 
seed be given to Canaries at the time they are moulting the birds 
will not attain the height of colour as when they are entirely 
moulted upon the cayenne diet; but if the birds have clean- 
