October 17, 1878. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE 
AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 293 
rampant growers, but soon form tufts of beautiful white 
deeply serrated, or rather pinnated leaves. They never rise 
above 2 inches high, and the growth is so compact that the 
surface is always perfectly level, without so much clipping, 
pinching and training, so necessary with many other plants used 
for carpet bedding. The colour, compact habit, and above all 
its strikingly pretty leaves as well as its hardiness and easiness 
‘of cultivation, ought to make this plant one of the greatest 
favourites in future for the style known as carpet bedding.— 
R, M’INtTosH. 
TEBBS’ UNIVERSAL STOVE. 
SoME time ago Mr. Tebbs invented, and first submitted to 
the gardening world through these columns, his universal 
fumigator, a simple and useful garden appliance which has 
met with a very large share of patronage both by gardeners 
and amateurs. Encouraged by the success of that article, and 
recognising the want of a portable, cleanly, safe, and effectual 
apparatus for excluding frost from the small greenhouses of 
amateurs, the inventor directed his attention to that object ; 
’ 
the result is the “ Universal Stove’’ now submitted to the 
public. 
Leas; 
Saige 
EBs? - |U! 
UNIVERSAL SS 
ATinG Siz 
Fig. 45.—Tebbs’ Universal Stove—ELlevation. 
This stove differs from all others that we have seen that are 
heated by gas or paraffin, inasmuch as it is nota gas or paraffin 
stove merely but a hot-water apparatus: and it again differs 
from the orthodox mode of heating by hot water, because the 
heat is given off from the inside instead of the outside of the 
ipes. 
: tin introducing to the notice of the public this new heating 
‘apparatus, my main object,” says Mr. Tebbs, “has been to 
place in the hands of all interested in the cultivation of plants 
under glass an original, safe, and economical means by which 
the greatest amount of heat can be obtained with the smallest 
amount of fuel; the stove requiring little or no attention for 
twenty-four hours, and giving off nothing but pure heated air. 
This is obtained by bringing the pipes or tubes together in one 
body, and allowing the smallest space between them for the 
circulation of hot water on their outer circumference, retaining 
the inner circumference for the heating of the atmosphere as 
it ascends by the natural attraction of the vertical heated 
tubes or pipes.” 
As will be seen by the accompanying figures the stove 
is simply a bundle of pipes vertically arranged and open 
at both ends, every pipe being surrounded by water, the 
whole being enclosed in a cylinder. On the water being 
heated the heat is of course distributed from the inner sur- 
faces of the pipes—is, in fact, heated air, the cold air con- 
stantly rushing in at the bottom of the pipes and passing out 
at the top in a heated state through a perforated lid. ‘This lid 
is moveable. The stove which we inspected at work was 
heated by a paraftin lamp, and on removing the lid we can 
testify that the heated air was perfectly sweet. The circula 
tion of the water is secured by a pipe arranged at the back of 
the stove at the outside, the top being the “feed,” seen in the 
engraving (fig. 46), the bottom entering the stove at its lowest 
oint. 
B The “feed,” or reservoir, is also by a simple contrivance 
made to act as a condenser. <A pipe passes through the bottom ° 
of it, its upper orifice being close to the inner side of the lid. 
Through this pipe a cool current of air passes, keeping the lid 
comparatively cool and condensing the steam which rises from 
the hot water. The pipe named also acts as an overflow when 
the water rises to the top of it, as it occasionally may do when 
the water is boiling. By this arrangement the waste of water 
is minimised and the boiler only needs replenishing once in 
twenty-four hours, and then only by adding less than half a 
pint when the stove has been highly heated during the whole 
time. 
Very simple and efficient is the arrangement at the bottom 
of the apparatus for dressing the wick and replenishing the 
oil. In ordinary paraftin stoves the cylinder has to be raised 
for that purpose, but in the “ Universal” that is not necessary, 
A slide is raised and the vessel is drawn forward after the 
manner of drawing out an ashpan, and the work is done with 
HEATED AIR 
Vig. 46.—Tebbs’ Universal Stove—Section. 
the greatest ease. The vessel containing the oil is also kept 
cool, therefore perfectly safe, by being surrounded by a collar 
that is in contact with the lower part of the stove where the 
cold air passes, and where also the water is necessarily in the 
coolest state. 
The heat is, of course, quite under command by simply 
turning on or diminishing the flame as required; but on this 
point a word of caution may be given, for although the lamp 
may be turned down to its lowest burning point it should 
never be so low that the flame is below the shield of the 
burner ; for, as pointed out by Mr. Tebbs, unless the flame is 
in contact with the air the gas evolved from the oil is not con- 
sumed and an unpleasant smell is produced. 
A “false top” can be fitted to the stove to hold water, so 
that vapour in proportion to the heat of the stoye can pass 
into the house as required. This also we saw in operation. 
The stove is made of block tin, and is neat in appearance 
and durable. We consider it worthy of trial, and draw atten- 
tion to it as the most promising stove of the kind that has 
come under our notice. 
ROSES. 
I HAVE unwittingly omitted the name of the best all-round 
H.P., Jules Margottin from my list on page 276. I will not 
withdraw any of those named, but trust “Jewels” may be 
considered one of the forty which are not thieves. I have 
always been of the opinion that the election should not be 
confined to exhibition Roses, but that the list should be of 
Roses for exhibition and ommament. The best suggestion rela- 
