354 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
{ November 7, 1878. 
book for the purpose you require than the “ Cottage Gardener’s Dictionary.” 
The cultivation of all the crops you name and many others is given fully 
and practically, as also are the propagation and culture of all useful fruits 
and popular flowers. The book can be had from this office, price 6s. 6d., or 
7s. 2d. post free. 
PLANT COLLECTING (J. C.) —A thorough knowledge of plants is necessary 
by a collector. We can only advise you to state your requirements and 
qualifications to some of the leading nurserymen. 
VINES INFESTED WITH MILDEW (North Wales Fruit-Grower).—There is 
no question of the efficiency of fiowers of sulphur applied upon the first 
appearance of the parasite. The Grapes cracked and spotted when they 
began to colour because the atmosphere was too moist and close. Freer 
ventilation with brisker firing, and the coating of the hot-water pipes with 
flowers of sulphur brought to the consistency of cream with skim milk, would 
have produced an atmosphere unfavourable to the fungus. As the leaves fall 
burn them, and when all are fallen prune the Vines, strip off the loose bark, 
consigning it and the pruning to the flames; thoroughly clean the wood- 
work of the house with soap and water, the glass with water only. Wash 
the Vines with a solution of soft soap (8 ozs. to the gallon), removing the 
top 2 or 3 inches of the border, and limewash any wall surface. If necessary 
paint the wood and trelliswork, and then dress the Vines with a composition 
of 1 tb. of soft soap to half a gallon each of water and tobacco juice, adding 
equal proportions of fresh-slaked lime, flowers of sulphur, and soot to bring 
it to the consistency of cream, applying with a brush to every part of the 
rods. If the border be efficiently drained and the roots near the surface 
replace the removed surface soil with fresh turfy loam, adding about a 
twelfth part of charcoal moderately small, and a twentieth each of half-inch 
bones and wood ashes ; but if the drainage be defective rectify it, and if the 
roots are deep raise them carefully to within about 6 inches from the surface 
in the fresh material. Mulch the border with about 6 inches of fresh litter, 
_and if convenient cover it with hot dung and leaves three weeks before 
commencing to start the Vines into growth. We think the principal cause 
of the mildew is too close and moist an atmosphere, induced by a deficiency 
of ventilation. 
LIQUID MANURE FOR GREENHOUSE PLANTS (D. W.).—The time to fill 
a cask with liquid manure is when you require to apply it, but it must not 
be applied without discrimination. As a rule softwooded plants advancing 
for tiowering, the roots being confined to small pots, only require rich 
stimulants. Guano at the rate of 1 oz. to the gallon of water is sufficient, 
and may be madeas required. The drainings of the stable or stable manure 
are too uncertain in strength to admit of any approximate estimate of the 
dilution required, and should not be used for plants in pots ; but for crops in 
the open ground stable drainings diluted with six times the quantity of 
water, and drainings from a dunghill used pure, are very valuable. Fowl 
and pigeon dung make good liquid manure—1 peck to 30 gallons of water, well 
stirred up before use. Soot also at the same rate is a capital stimulant. 
GLAZING WITHOUT Putty (J. H. Z.)—We know of houses constructed 
upon the principle you name, and they answer perfectly, there being little 
leakage or breakage of glass. 
GREENHOUSE FLUE NOT DRAWING (P. S.).—The flue is too narrow. It 
ought to have been 10 inches deep and at least 7 inches wide; and the 
chimney, instead of being 4 inches in diameter, should have been 8 inches. 
That, however, is not the cause of there being no draught; but supposing 
there had been a draught the flue and chimney would soon from the accumu- 
jation of soot have become choked. We apprehend that the fiue is on a 
devel with the furnace, though you show in the sketch a slight rise. The 
furnace, we presume, has an ashpit as deep as the height of the furnace, and 
extending the length of the mate and its width. If the bottom of the flue 
be on a level with the top of the furnace or nearly so, the flames and pro- 
ducts of combustion have a clear rise of two-thirds the height of the furnace 
into the fiue, it will draw so as to require a damper to regulate the draught, 
the flue having a gentle rise to the chimney. 
UTILISING DEAD LEAVES (G. If.).—Decayed leaves are very valuable for 
all soils at all strong and deficient in humus. Fallen leaves are highly 
worthy of being gathered and employed as litter for cows and pigs, for when 
trampled to decay in such positions they form an excellent manure for most 
farm and garden crops. Soils to which they are not adaptable are those that 
are already light and rich by having had heavy dressings of decayed vege- 
table matter for many years. 
HARDY VINE CULTURE (J. J.).—Plant the Vines in rows 5 feet apart and 
train the canes to single stakes 4feet high. Thatisthe way they are treated 
at Cardiff Castle. The stakes should be put to them immediately the growth 
is long enough to need securing, and the canes should be stopped at the top 
of the stakes. As to pruning, the first year there will only be one cane to 
cut back, and this should be cut down to three or four eyes from the bottom. 
‘When these eyes start into growth the following year the cane from each 
should be secured to the stake and be kept stopped at the top as before. In 
pruning them in the winter each cane may be cut down to a single eye, or 
two at the most, and when these begin to grow only four canes should be 
taken up as before. and as each of these canes produces two and three bunches 
a very fair crop is the result. This mode of pruning should be repeated 
annually. If your lecality is exceptionally fayourable -you could easily try 
a few Vines on the west wall; they, however do not usually succeed on that 
aspect. = 
TEBBS’S UNIVERSAL STOVE (Poole).—Mr. Tebbs'’s address, as advertised in 
the Journal of October 24th, is 98, Cheapside, London. The price of the 
stove varies according to size. 
PYRUS JAPONICA (Arthur T. Webb)—The fruit is perfectly wholesome, 
and you may make marmaiade of it in the same way as that of the Quince. 
CHRYSANTHEMUM BLOOMS (James Brown)—We do not know of any 
nurseryman who would supply you with “some Chrysanthemum blooms fit 
for showing.” Why don’t you grow them yourself if you want them for 
showing ? 
CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOWS (JW. IV. B.).—You will find a list of the shows 
now pending in another column, and the Secretaries’ names, so far as we know 
them, in our record of coming shows. 
PRIVET HEDGE (Subscriber).—The common Privet is suitable for a hedge, 
so also is the Japanese Privet, but it is much more expensive. When Thorn 
Quick is mixed with the Privet it seldom succeeds well, the Privet generally 
evergrowing it, and the Quick dwindles away. About three good Privet 
plants to a yard will form a good hedge, which may be planted atany time 
from November to March. 
CAMELLIAS CASTING LEAVES AND Bups (J. W. C.).—The cause is gene- 
rally defective root-action, which may have been induced by a deficiency of 
water at an earlier date, by an excess of water at the roots, or by defective 
drainage, resulting in a sodden soil inimical to the health of the roots, which 
we apprehend are in an unsatisfactory state ; but in the absence of data it 
is not possible to do more than hazard an opinion. 
WHITE SCALE ON TACSONIA (Jdem).—As you have tried many “cures ? 
without effecting a riddance, we name one that with us is infallible, but it 
must not be applied to the leaves, but only to the stems with a brush. 
Half a pound of soft soap to half a gallon of water, to which is added a 
wineglassful of spirits of turpentine, thoroughly mixed. 
ROSE BUDS NOT OPENING (Zyro).—The only thing required is more 
favourable weather combined with the plants not being allowed to carry too 
many flowers. Disbudding must be resorted to when fine blooms are wanted, 
but some lose sight of this, expecting perfect blooms irrespective of the 
vigour of the plants and the number of their flowers. Disbudding often 
makes all the difference between good and imperfect blooms. 
MANURE FOR POTATOES AND TURNIPS (E£. ZL. R.).—The best manures 
are farmyard dung at the rate of from 12 to 20 tons per acre, applying that 
for Potatoes in autumn or early spring, unless the ground be poor, when it 
may be applied at the time of planting, supplementing it with gnano at the 
rate of 2 to 4 cwt. per acre. Phospho guano may be applied at the same rate. 
Dissolved bones or bone manure is the best manure for Turnips, applied at 
the rate of 2 to 4 cwt. per acre. 
NEAPOLITAN VIOLETS IN POTS AND FRAMES (Violet)—Take up the 
plants at once with balls of earth attached to the roots, removing no more 
than the loose soil, and-pot in rich soil, the pots being plunged to the rim 
in frames, or they may be placed upon shelves near the glass, be kept well 
supplied with water, and have air abundantly. The plants will flower well 
through the winter, frost being excluded. If planted in frames employ 
rich soil, and admit air freely whenever the weather is favourable. 
PLANTING MARECHAL NIEL ROSES (A Lover of Rose Shows).—Presuming 
you intend to plant the Roses against walls, now is as good a time to do so as 
in March, protection being given to the shoots almost as readily as when the 
plants are laid in by the heels. If for planting in the open, which is not 
advisable except in very warm situations, planting would be best deferred 
until March. The plant against the wall facing west would be better if the 
pit lights leaned against it, and should be done now, so as to assist in ripen- 
ing the wood by warding off rains and retaining heat. 
ROSES, APPLES, AND PEARS FOR EXPOSED SITUATION (Jas. D.).—Roses = 
Alfred Colomb, Charles Lefebvre, Baronne de Rothschild, Madame Victor 
Verdier, John Hopper, La France, Lord Raglan, Francois Courtin, Sénateur 
Vaisse, Thomas Mills, Marquise de Castellane, Annie Laxton, Baronne Lonise 
Uxkull, Bessie Johnson, Boule de Neige, Comtesse d’Oxford, Leopold I1., 
Général Jacqueminot, Francois Michelon, Duke of Edinburgh, Dupuy Jamain, 
Maréchal Vaillant, Madame Lacharme, and Thomas Methven, all Hybrid Per- 
petuals. Of Bourbons—Baronne Gonella, and Sir Joseph Paxton. Tea- 
scented—Gloire de Dijon. Apples: Dessert—Irish Peach, King of the 
Pippins, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Margil, Reinette de Canada, and Sturmer 
Pippin. Kitchen—Lord Suffield, Cox’s Pomona, Cellini, Golden Noble, 
Dumelow’s Seedling, and Hambledon Deux Ans. Pears: Jargonelle,Williams’ 
Bon Chrétien, White Doyenné, Comte de Lamy, Beurré Superfin, Marie 
Louise, Thompson’s, Beurré Diel, Beurré Bachelier, Durondeau, Jean de Witte, 
and Bergamotte Esperen. 
VIOLETS DISEASED (G. F.).—We have carefully examined your Violets, 
and find that the disease with which they are attacked is caused by a fungus 
called Polycystis Viole. 
CAULIFLOWER (J. J. Z.).—We think you can obtain what you require 
from any seedsman advertising in our columns. 
PROPAGATING LAVENDER COTTON (S./. B.).—Insert the cuttings now in 
sandy soil in a cool frame, or preferably, perhaps, in gentle heat in spring. 
NAMES OF FRUITS (Jf G.).—1, Royal Russet; 2, Blenheim Pippin; 3, 
Royal Pearmain ; 4, Golden Pearmain ; 5, Brownlees’ Russet ; 6, not known. 
(C. R. S.).— Apple, Golden Pippin; Pear, Beurré d’Aremberg. (uffhams). 
—Formosa Nonpareil. (2. W.).—The Apple is Sops-in-Wine; we do not 
think its cultivation is confined to any particular district. (J. W. Law- 
rence).—Rousselet de Rheims. 
NAMES OF PLANTS (G. Jf. U. C.).—Schizostylis coccinea. (IW. W.).—Tro- 
peolum pentaphyllum. (W. D. A.).—Ipomea Quamoclit. (W. H. G.)— 
1 and 2, Scolopendrium vulgare vars.; 3, 4, 5, Athyrium Filix-foemina ; 8, 
Tricyrtis hirta. (——).—The scarlet flower is Cacalia coccinea, the Com- 
posite Aster multiflorus. (C. F.)—Bryophyllum proliferum. (Connaught 
sSubscriber).—The name of the shrubis, we think, Eleagnusreflexus. (J.B.P.). 
—Cotoneaster serrulata. (G.R.).—The name of the shrub we were last week 
unable to identify is, we now find, Andromeda formosa. (J. C))—Arbutus 
Unedo, the Strawberry Tree. (A. &. F.).—Coronilla Emerus. 
THE HOME FARM: 
POULTRY, PIGEON, AND BEE CHRONICLE. 
THE MANAGEMENT OF YOUNG CATTLE. 
THE rearing of calves, as described in our article on the 23rd of 
May last, gave in detail the system pursued up to the time when 
the animals become as they are usually termed yearlings, or twelve 
months old. It is our purpose now to pursue the subject up to 
the time the animals are sold to the butcher or taken into the 
dairy as milch cows, which in either case may be accomplished 
with the most advantage at from twenty-four to twenty-seven 
months old. We propose to refer to the subject under two sepa- 
rate headings, each of which may, however, require subdivision. 
We will first allude to yearling steers intended to be fattened in 
the pastures or nearly so, and then give the method of feeding 
