November 14, 1878. ] 
SOCRNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
formation on selections of fruit for various aspects on page 283 of the Journal 
of October 10th, which also contains a more complete selection than the 
one you haye named. The same number gives information on the right 
distances for planting various wall trees. 
GATHERING MEDLARS (An Old Subscriber).—They ought to be gathered 
in November when the leaves commence falling from the trees. They should 
then be spread singly in a dry room, stalk side upwards, until incipient decay 
commences, or until they are what is termed “ bletted,’ when they are ready 
for use. 
GROWING ANEMONES AND RANUNCULUSES IN Pots (Ff. G. 0.).—They 
do not succeed well in pots, but are sometimes so grown, using rich loam, 
inserting the tubers 2 inches deep, five of Ranunculuses in a 6-inch pot and 
three or four of Anemones in the same size of pot. They should then be 
plunged in ashes in a cold frame, not watering them until growth takes 
place, then give supplies proportionate to the growth of the plants. They 
Will require air freely in mild weather, removing them to a greenhouse or 
sunny window when showing for bloom, then watering them copiously. 
GREENHOUSE (/dem).—Nothing whatever will thrive in a house as high 
at times as 100° to 120° by fire heat. The furnace must be altered—that is, 
made larger, so as to admit of a larger fire and to secure a more moderate 
heat, regulated by adamper. With a temperature of 45° to 50° by artificial 
means you may hope to succeed with all the plants you name, the Carnations 
being of the tree kinds. The Roses would have been better had they been 
established in pots a year before forcing,,though they will succeed if care- 
fully lifted and not brought forward too rapidly. 
CLIMBERS IN COLD GREENHOUSE (A Young Beginner).—The Clematis 
and Passion-flower will not suffer from frost, but it is possible, if the winter 
be severe, that the Plumbago would be more or less injured, though it is 
probable it might not if kept dry at the roots. You may cut them all down 
to near the base of the plants in spring, but not to the ground, as it is likely 
they are old and have no dormant eyes at or beneath the surface of the soil. 
There isno need to cut them down on account of mealy bug, as it is destroyed 
by syringing—a wineglass of paraffin to four gallons of water, thoroughly 
mixed by filling the syringe and squirting a few times sharply into the 
vessel and then upon the plants, every second squirt being into the vessel, 
which is necessary to keep the paraffin well mixed with the water, without 
which the syringing loses its efficacy. A thorough cleaning and painting of 
the house would be a means of subduing the bug. Keep the Rose cuttings 
in the pot in the cold frame through the winter plunged in ashes to the rim 
of the pots, which will be a better place than a room window. They will 
root provided the wood was ripe. 
DISTANCE OF SHELVES IN FRUIT Room (Ff. J/.).—They may be so close 
as to admit of the fruit being readily examined, which to some extent is 
determined by the width. Twelve inches will answer for shelves not more 
than 3 feet wide, adding 6 inches for every increased foot of width. Pears 
which succeed against an east wall :—Jargonelle, Beurré d’Amanlis, Beurré 
Superfin, Durondeau, Conseiller de Cour, Doyenné du Comice, Marie Louise, 
Beurré Diel, Beurré Bachelier, Glou Mor¢eau, Joséphine de Malines, and Ber- 
gamotte Esperen. Most Apples succeed well as espaliers. Dessert: King of 
the Pippins, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Dutch Mignonne, and Reinette de Canada. 
Kitchen: Worcester Pearmain, Cox’s Pomona, Cellini, and Dumelow’s Seed- 
ling. It is preferable to purchase trees at three years old, two years trained, 
than maiden trees at a third of the price, as the former sooner come into 
bearing ; but where ground is not begrudged, remaining unprofitable, the 
maidens suggest themselyes as most economical. 
TEBBS’S UNIVERSAL STOVE (Bingley) —The address is 98, Cheapside, E.C. 
GARDEN DIARy (IW.S.).—Write to Mr. Richard Nisbet, Aswarby Hall, 
Folkingham. 
EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS (£. 7.).—The Eucalyptus will do perfectly well 
in any good garden soil, and is only hardy in extremely favourable situa- 
tions. It will also do very well in a well-lighted hall where there is a coke 
stove, provided the fumes of the coke do not escape into the apartment. 
NAME OF TREE (Z. M.).—Taxodium sempervirens. 
NAME OF SEED (E. B., Normanton).—The seed appears to be of a variety of 
Lupin, but which variety it is impossiblé to determine. : 
NAMES OF FRUITS (Ff. McLennan).—1, Gansel’s Bergamot; 2, probably 
Crassane, but a very indifferent specimen; 3, Zephirin Grégoire; 4, not 
known. Apple, Golden Pippin. (C. H.)—Apples: 1, Norfolk Beefing; 2, 
Flanders Pippin; 3, Winter Greening; 4, Reinette de Canada. Pears: 1, 
Beurré d’Aremberg; 2, probably Beurré Rance. The specimens of Haw- 
thornden are by far the finest we have ever seen. (John MM. Miller).—It is 
Cornish Gilliflower certainly. (//. W.).—They are poor specimens, but suffi- 
cient to enable us to say that both are Black Hamburgh. (F. Wood).—1, 
Northern Greening ; 2, Not certain ; 3, London Pippin; 4, No doubt Min- 
shull Crab. The Pear is certainly not Doyenné du Comice, but one of those 
valueless autumn Pears of which there areso many. You had better graft 
it. (WV. S. R.).—1, Beauty of Kent; 2, Alfriston. (R. R. Woolton).—1, 
Gloria Mundi; 2, Beauty of Kent; 3, Alfriston; 4, Federal Pearmain ; 5, 
Soldat Esperen; 6, Beurre d’Aremberg. (H. H.).—1, Hunthouse; 2, Wyken 
Pippin; 3, Winter Greening. (P. J£).—Not known. 
NAMES OF PLANTS (Cheshire Reader).—1, Cyrtomium falcatum ; 2, Asple- 
nium, species not determinable ; 3, Euonymus japonicus aureo-variegatus ; 
4, Sedum azoideum variegatum; 5, Sedum azoideum. (£. S. W.).—The 
Orchid is without doubt Maxillaria picta. 
THE HOME FARM: 
POULTRY, PIGEON, AND BEE CHRONICLE. 
THE MANAGEMENT OF YOUNG CATTLE. 
(Continued from page 355.) 
Havine followed up the question of feeding young cattle for 
early maturity as beef, whether fed on pasture land in part or 
entirely under cover upon the produce of thearable land combined 
with artificial food, we must look to the requirements of the home 
farm and its proprietor. In very many instances a considerable 
portion of the cattle as well as dairy produce is required at the 
establishment or mansion in connection with it, and the articles 
of consumption, whether of beef, mutton, pork, or dairy produce, 
must be of the best, and of course small joints of the highest 
quality of meat are indispensable. Let us first consider the beef 
furnished by young cattle, and take the Shorthorned breed, which 
at full age is one of our largest and heaviest varieties of cattle. 
When young steers and heifers can be fed up to full condition for 
slaughter at from twenty to twenty-four months old they furnish 
meat in moderate-sized joints of admirable quality. Whether, 
however, the animals are Devons, Hereford, Sussex, or Short- 
horns, when properly fed upon the method advised in the former 
part of this paper they are each adapted for the purpose; but in 
case older meat of the fuller flavour is frequired, instead of 
breeding the animals we should prefer to buy cattle of four years 
old, either of the Galloway, Scot, Aberdeen, or North Devon 
breeds. Either of these will furnish the nobleman’s table or that 
of the greatest epicure with meat of the finest quality and highest 
flayour, but they will be purchased from districts differently 
managed and stocked compared with the home farm under profit- 
able management. 
The rearing and feeding, together with the general manage- 
ment of young cattle intended for the dairy, up to the time ot 
producing their first calf upon the home farm, must now engage 
our attention. In our paper written for this Journal on the 23rd. 
of May last we stated the method of management up to the time 
when they reached the age of one year. Our object is now to 
continue the subject of management as heifers intended for the 
dairy, whether of the Shorthorned, Ayrshire, Alderney, or Kerry 
breed, because correct management for the one must be also good 
for the other if we only consider all the points connected with 
their general health and condition and the period of the yeaning 
their first calf. Hach of these subjects is of the utmost conse- 
quence and importance connected with home-farm management. 
We do not on this occasion propose to refer to the relative merits 
of the different breeds of cattle as before named, for we hope to 
find an opportunity at a future time to compare the merits of 
them as dairy cattle. We therefore proceed to state for our 
purpose that the heifers should come one year old in the month 
of February, and we will suppose that they will be required to 
be accommodated in sheds and yards as they haye been from the 
month of October previous until the first week in May, when they 
will be required to go into the park or pasture for grass feeding- 
Between the period of February and May they may be accommo- 
dated with a shed and yard in divisions upon the same plan as 
before stated for the young steers, and more particularly will it 
be requisite in the case of the animals being of different breeds. 
In promiscuous mixture of Shorthorns, Alderneys, Kerrys, &c., the 
large animals are sure to tyrannise oyer the smaller weaker stock 
and monopolise the food, obtaining the lion’s share. It is there- 
fore desirable that the heifers should be kept in twos or threes in 
separate divisions of the yard and shed, not only that they may 
feed more comfortably and with more regularity, so essential to 
their health, but to prevent accidents by the stronger injuring 
in various ways tke weaker animals. We do not propose that 
the heifers should be confined entirely to the sheds and yards 
during the spring, but we think it best that they should have 
air and exercise and access to water in a paddock near the home 
farm premises for two or three hours during the day. Grass 
feeding we always like to hold in reserve until it furnishes a good 
bite, as it usually does the first week in May. This appears the 
most natural mode of rearing heifers ; but we recollect for some 
years, where we were peculiarly situated as to pasture upon a 
home farm under our care and management, that we kept our 
heifers entirely in yards and sheds as described both in winter 
and summer, and until after they had yeaned their first calf, 
although when turned ont to graze it was days sometimes before 
they attempted it, desiring only to return to their previous 
quarters and mode of life; and although we cannot recommend 
it as a plan for general adoption, yet we are compelled to say that 
we had as fine dairy cows as we haye ever seen reared in this 
