414 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
{ November 28, 1878. 
Correspondents should not mix up on the same sheet questions 
relating to Gardening and those on Poultry and Bee subjeets, 
and should never send more than two or three questions at 
once. All articles intended for insertion should be written on 
one side of the paper only. We cannot reply to questions 
through the post. 
NATIONAL ROSE SOCIETY (C. J. D.).—Write to the Rey. H. H. D’Ombrain, 
Westwell Vicarage, Ashford, Kent. 
ROSES IN VINERY (R. 7.).—There is no foundation for the statement 
that “ Roses will communicate disease to Vines and plants.’ If the Roses 
sare neglected and are permitted to become infested with aphis the insects'will 
certainly spread to other plants, as they appear to have done in the case of 
your Calceolarias ; but by judicious syringings and occasionally fumigating 
the house all the occupants of the structure may be kept healthy provided 
generally good cultivation is exercised. The Calceolaria leaves sent are 
slightly affected by insects. The plants have probably been kept in a too 
dry atmosphere during the early autumn months. Keep them free from 
insects and the roots active, and the plants ought to recover. The publica- 
tion of this reply has been accidentally delayed. 
RASPBERRY CANES (E. G.).—The Fastolff and Yellow Antwerp. Any 
nurseryman can supply them. 
COKE Fumes (7. Ballard)—We do not know of anything that will 
absorb the fumes of coke burned ina hothouse. Troughs of water would 
absorb a little sulphurous acid, and quicklime some of the carbonic acid, but 
not so thoroughly as to preserve the plants from any injury. 
DISSOLYING BONES (#7. KX. 4£.).—1 th. of bones, 1202s. of oil of vitriol, 
and 12 ozs. of water mixed and left for twenty-four hours. 
ERRATUM.—In the notice of Holeyn Hall on page 391 it was inadvertently 
stated that the houses were heated by Messrs. Walker & Hmley instead of by 
Messrs. Dinning & Cooke of Percy Street, Newcastle, hot-water engineers 
of established reputation in that town. 
ADDRESS (M7. B., Liverpool)—Write to No. 3, Westminster Chamber’, 
Victoria Street, London, S.W. 
COTTAGE GARDENERS’ DICTIONARY (P. Inchbald)—You must write to 
the publishers, Messrs. Bell & Daldy. 
PREPARING GROUND FOR ROSES (4. H/.).—We should trench the ground 
-quite 18 inches deep, turning in the turf, chopping it in pieces as the work 
proceeds. It should not be nearer the surface than 6 inches. Break up the 
subsoil deeply, but do not bring much of it to the surface. If the soil is 
good it ought to produce very fine Roses. 
LEAKAGE IN GREENHOUSE (Jdem).—lIf during a dry day you rub some 
putty firmly between the squares from the outside, finishing it off smoothly, 
it will speedily set, and we think stop the leakage. When partly set the 
puley, protruding on the inside of the house can be removed with a sharp 
‘knife. 
_ ROOT-PRUNING FRUIT TREES (J. B.).—The best time for root-pruning 
is the present month. The best method depends on the condition of the 
trees and the skill of the operator. If you have had no experience in root- 
pruning, the best method for you to adopt will probably be to dig exactly 
half round the trees, as if commencing to dig them up, undermining them 
quite to the centre and cutting off the strong roots smoothly with a sharp 
Knife at a distance from the trees of from 2 to 3 feet, according to their size. 
If that does not check their luxuriance sufficiently the other half of the 
trees can be treated in a similar manner next year. In replacing the soil 
round the roots press it rather firmly, selecting dry weather for doing the 
work. We do not approve of excessive root-pruning in the case of very 
small trees. If the branches of trees are sufficiently thin that every leaf 
can DeNS light, fruit spurs usually form without the roots being greatly 
mutilated. 
PLANTS UNHEALTHY (J. 7.).—We think the plants were placed in the 
new house too soon and have been injured by the paint. Paint on the pipes 
is not injurious when it is perfectly set and sweet. With careful attention 
and good cultivation your plants will improve, and such others that are 
antroduced now may be kept in good health. 
_ EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS (G. H. V.).—It is not at all unlikely that the 
tree to which you refer is Eucalyptus globulus. We know of several trees 
in the southern counties 18 feet high, but they would not have been so high 
had the two last winters been severe instead of mild. The leaves are only 
tinted with blue when in a young state. As the tree attains age the foliage 
changes both in form and colour. The leaf you have sent is very small. 
STOVE (W. D. P.).—We are not in possession of information enabling us 
“y ener your questions relative to the stove referred to being withdrawn 
‘om sale. 
MUSHROOM BED NOT PROFITABLE (Inquirer, Manchester) —If the bed ia 
really dry you had better give it a thorough watering with tepid water, and 
when the surface has become moderately dry cover it 4 or 5 inches thick 
with soft hay. ‘The hay should be moved frequently to prevent its adhering 
to the soil. Apply the water at a temperature of about 85°. 
WINTERING TYD2AS (Kittie)—Considering tha you have only a green- 
house you have ordered the Tydeas, Gesneras, and Negelias too soon. You 
had better place the tubers in dry sandy soil, yet not absolutely dust dry, 
and place the pots in a warm position of your greenhouse. In the spring, 
when the temperature increases so that the house can be kept at about 60°, 
apply water sufficiently to keep the soil moderately moist, and as soon as 
signs of growth are apparent the tubers may be potted in a compost of peat, 
loam, and leaf soil in equal parts. You may place them singly in small pots, 
or three or more in pots of larger size. They are stove plants, but will thrive 
ia a warm greenhouse. A heated Cucumber frame would be of great aasist- 
ance in starting them into growth in the spring. You will be fortunate, 
however, if you preserve all the tubers through the winter. Syringe the 
pote occasionally to prevent the soil becoming excessively dry, or the tubers 
will shrivel ; if, on the other hand, it is too wet they will decay. 
FERNS FOR ENTRANCE HALL (A_ Tucenty-five-years Subscriber).— No 
plants endure so well as Palms, Aralias, Dracienas, folinge Begonias and 
other plants with persistent foliage. Ferns suitable for your purpose are 
Blechnum occidentale, Doodia aspera monstrosa, Asplenium diversifolium, 
Pteris serrulata, P. serrulata cristata, P. cretica albo-lineata, Polypodium 
pectinatum, Nephrolepis dayallioides, N. pectinata, N. tuberosa, Platyloma 
Brownii, Pteris umbrosa, Lastrea decomposita, Cyrtomium falcatum, Adian- 
tum formosum, A. cuneatum, A. assimile, Asplenium premorsum, Nephro- 
dium molle corymbiferum, Lomaria gibba, L. Patersoni, L. L’Herminieri, 
and L. discolor bipinnatifida. 
CHARRING HEDGE TRIMMINGS (B.).—The only way to form them into 
charcoal is to stack the trimmings, forming a pyramidal pile, and cover it 
with turves both at the sides, ends, and top, the wood being laid moderately 
loose so as to admit of the fire passing through the whole, having openings 
at the sides for lighting, which should be charged with dry material, and a 
few openings at the top to ensure the necessary draught. When the fire is 
well going it is necessary to see that it does not break through, the holes at 
the top being closed, and when the whole is charred to the centre of the 
wood it will be necessary to put the fire out. Some experience is necessary 
to make charcoal, especially of small material. 
TRANSPLANTING WELLINGTONIA GIGANTEA (F. £. D.).—There is some 
difficulty and danger of removing a tree of so large a size, but we should 
risk it, digging a trench at 3 feet from the stem, tying the branches up to 
keep them out of the way so as to facilitate operations, and all round down 
below the roots, and from this work under the roots towards the stem, 
and removing the loose soil with a fork, the tree may in all probability be 
moved with a good ball of earth, in which case there is then no danger ; but 
if the soil be loose, most of it coming away from the roots, it would be well 
to fill-in the soil again and defer the removal until another year. We find 
the best time to move Wellingtonias is in spring just when they are com- 
mencing growth, or early in autumn. 
POSITION OF FURNACE (Munster)—The flue should be taken along the 
front and back of the house, and the furnace is preferably placed at one end 
so that the flue be taken across the end to the front, across at the other end 
to the back, along it to the end where the flue entered, where, of course, 
should be the chimney. It will not be practicable to heat by flues two 
houses from one furnace, unless you intend both compartments to be kept 
at a similar temperature. If you have two furnaces they may be in the 
centre so as to have both in one stokehole, taking the flues across the end 
along each side the division to the front of the houses. 
DAISIES ON LAWN (Jdem).—There is no better plan than to grub-up the 
Daisies with a knife, a boy removing a great many in aday. Lawn sand is 
highly spoken of, but we have no experience of it. Can any of our corre- 
spondents haying given it atrial state what its effects are on Daisies and 
other lawn weeds ? 
GERANIUMS NOT FLOWERING (LZ. B., Bromley).—The glass not being 
clear is to some extent in fault, but the principal reason of your plants 
being flowerless is a deficiency of heat. To have Zonal Pelargoniums flower- 
ing freely in winter they require a temperature of 50° to 55°, and to have 
plenty of light. 
MUSHROOM BED (A Lady).—Remove the hay as it is wet. The moisture 
at the surface, if entirely due to the heat arising from the bed, is a good sign, 
yet we do not like so much moisture given off as to render the covering 
wet. Have patience, and if the bed dries it is likely you may have plenty of 
Mushrooms. 
FRENCH BEANS NOT GERMINATING (Jdem).—Either the seed is bad or 
there is not sufficient warmth for its germination. The soil requires to be 
moist, but not wet until the plants appear. The temperature should range 
between 55° and 65° by artificial means, rising to 75° from sun heat. The 
seeds should be planted an inch deep. 
PEAOH WOOD NOT COLOURED (Jdem).—Tho wood being firm and the 
buds plump there is nothing to fear, only do not allow the soil to become 
dry or the buds will probably fall. A much lessened supply of water is 
needed in the winter half of the year, yet the border should be watered so as 
to keep it thoroughly moist. 
NAMES OF (CHRYSANTHEMUMS (7. A. W.).—We do not usually name 
varieties of florists’ flowers. No. 1 resembles Christine ; 2, Maroon Model ; 
8, Golden Cedo Nulli. 
STOCKS FOR FRUIT TREES (F. C.).—They are grown extensively by 
nurserymen in the neighbourhood of Woking. 
Roses (F. R. M. R. Kilkenny).—Your letter shall be answered next 
week. 
ARUM DRACUNCULUS (G. W. 0.).—This plant and A. crinitum are not 
generally included in select lists of border flowers, but are enumerated in 
regular lists of herbaceous plants. The plant first named is also known as 
Dracunculus vulgaris. 
CCELOGYNE (Subscriber).—The plants do not flower because the growths 
are not well matured. It appears you have flowered one plant freely. If 
the others have their pseudobulbs similarly ripened they will flower equally 
well whether the plants are grown in pots or on blocks of wood. 
NAMES OF FRUITS (4 Thankful Subscriber).—Beurré Diel. 
Suffolk Thorn. 
NAMES OF PLANTS (Fifteen-years Subscriber).—Cypripedium insigne ; the 
yellow Orchid, Dendrobium chrysanthum. 
(E.H. 8). 
THE HOME FARM: 
POULTRY, PIGEON, AND BEE CHRONICLE. 
SHEEP FOR THE HOME FARM. 
THERH can be no question that the stock of sheep to be kept 
upon the home farm is a matter requiring great and deliberate 
consideration, because the county and district must be considered. 
The climate of England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland is so various 
that certain districts of each are found to favour the sheep gene- 
rally reared in them. The soil and climate go a long way to de- 
fine and establish different breeds of sheep as belonging to cer- 
tain counties; hence the Sussex downs, the Hampshire downs, 
Leicesters, Lincolns, Cotswolds, horned Dorsets, and the little 
