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  xxxiv 
  ) 
  

  

  temperature. 
  He 
  had 
  now 
  ascertained 
  that 
  precisely 
  similar 
  

   effects 
  were 
  produced 
  on 
  both 
  the 
  spring 
  and 
  summer 
  emer- 
  

   gences 
  oi 
  Seleniaillimaria 
  and 
  iS. 
  hmaria. 
  Several 
  hundred 
  in- 
  

   dividuals, 
  belonging 
  to 
  more 
  than 
  a 
  dozen 
  different 
  "families," 
  

   i. 
  e., 
  proceeding 
  from 
  the 
  same 
  pair 
  of 
  parents, 
  exposed 
  to 
  tem- 
  

   peratures 
  of 
  80°, 
  60°, 
  57°, 
  and 
  in 
  some 
  cases 
  less, 
  all 
  showed 
  

   these 
  results, 
  those 
  at 
  the 
  lower 
  temperatures, 
  with 
  scarcely 
  

   an 
  exception, 
  being 
  darker 
  than 
  those 
  at 
  the 
  higher. 
  The 
  

   spring 
  emergence 
  of 
  Platypteryx 
  falcataria, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  tried, 
  

   showed 
  similar 
  results. 
  The 
  under 
  sides 
  of 
  the 
  Selenias 
  

   showed 
  these 
  effects 
  even 
  more 
  than 
  the 
  upper 
  sides, 
  the 
  

   males,, 
  in 
  most 
  species 
  tried, 
  more 
  than 
  the 
  females, 
  and 
  the 
  

   more 
  healthy 
  and 
  vigorous 
  the 
  individual, 
  the 
  more 
  strongly 
  

   the 
  temperature 
  operated. 
  In 
  Vanessa 
  urticce. 
  the 
  same 
  

   general 
  results 
  ensued, 
  though 
  the 
  effects 
  were 
  not 
  so 
  con- 
  

   siderable. 
  In 
  this 
  species 
  a 
  moderately 
  low 
  temperature, 
  

   50° 
  to 
  60°, 
  appeared 
  to 
  develop 
  the 
  greatest 
  intensity 
  of 
  

   markings, 
  especially 
  of 
  the 
  dark 
  parts 
  and 
  the 
  blue 
  crescents, 
  

   a 
  very 
  low 
  temperature, 
  47°, 
  long 
  continued, 
  causing 
  a 
  more 
  

   general 
  increase 
  of 
  darkness. 
  Some 
  of 
  the 
  specimens 
  pro- 
  

   duced 
  made 
  a 
  near 
  approach 
  to 
  the 
  noi'thern 
  form 
  known 
  as 
  

   var. 
  polaris. 
  Bombyx 
  quercus 
  and 
  its 
  northern 
  var. 
  callun<z 
  

   had 
  been 
  experimented 
  on, 
  and 
  showed 
  slighter 
  results 
  in 
  the 
  

   same 
  direction. 
  Further 
  experiments 
  were 
  needed 
  as 
  to 
  both 
  

   F. 
  iirtic(B 
  and 
  B. 
  quercus, 
  and 
  he 
  was 
  inclined 
  to 
  think 
  they 
  

   should 
  be 
  exposed 
  from 
  their 
  earliest 
  pupal 
  existence. 
  

   Chelonia 
  caja 
  showed 
  unquestionable 
  differences 
  as 
  the 
  result 
  

   of 
  temperature, 
  but 
  not 
  to 
  the 
  extent 
  of 
  producing 
  any 
  

   striking 
  varieties 
  ; 
  the 
  higher 
  temperature 
  caused 
  the 
  ground 
  

   of 
  the 
  fore 
  wings 
  to 
  be 
  lighter, 
  and 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  hind 
  wings 
  to 
  

   be 
  yellower, 
  and 
  the 
  lower 
  temperature 
  caused 
  a 
  tendency 
  in 
  

   the 
  dark 
  spots 
  to 
  spread 
  and 
  become 
  confluent, 
  and 
  especially 
  

   increased 
  in 
  a 
  striking 
  degree 
  both 
  the 
  length 
  and 
  the 
  breadth 
  

   of 
  the 
  black 
  abdominal 
  bars. 
  There 
  was 
  evidence 
  that 
  the 
  

   size 
  and 
  probably 
  the 
  shape 
  of 
  the 
  perfect 
  insect 
  were 
  affected 
  

   by 
  the 
  pupal 
  temperature, 
  but 
  exact 
  experiments 
  had 
  to 
  be 
  

   made 
  on 
  this 
  point, 
  and 
  were 
  in 
  progress. 
  On 
  the 
  suggestion 
  

   of 
  members 
  of 
  the 
  Society 
  he 
  had 
  tried 
  the 
  effects 
  of 
  light, 
  by 
  

   exposing 
  the 
  pupffi 
  of 
  5. 
  illustraria 
  to 
  light 
  of 
  various 
  colours 
  

  

  