﻿( 
  iv 
  ) 
  

  

  stage 
  that 
  Mr. 
  George 
  Palmer 
  first 
  discovered 
  it 
  in 
  Hertford- 
  

   shire 
  on 
  July 
  the 
  27th, 
  1886, 
  though 
  most 
  practical 
  entomolo- 
  

   gists 
  are 
  now 
  agreed 
  that 
  it 
  had 
  then 
  been 
  present 
  in 
  this 
  

   country 
  for 
  some 
  years. 
  Whilst 
  the 
  change 
  from 
  larva 
  to 
  

   "flaxseed," 
  or, 
  more 
  correctly 
  speaking, 
  to 
  the 
  coarctate 
  larva 
  

   or 
  the 
  puparium 
  state 
  has 
  been 
  going 
  on, 
  a 
  most 
  wonderful 
  

   change 
  has 
  taken 
  place 
  inside 
  ; 
  the 
  larva 
  in 
  its 
  third 
  stage 
  

   becoming 
  detached 
  and 
  perfectly 
  free 
  from 
  the 
  dried 
  up 
  skin 
  

   of 
  the 
  original 
  larva. 
  Below 
  the 
  mouth, 
  on 
  the 
  second 
  seg- 
  

   ment, 
  is 
  now 
  to 
  be 
  seen 
  the 
  so-called 
  "anchor 
  process"; 
  

   various 
  authors 
  have 
  expressed 
  tlieir 
  opinions 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  

   this 
  organ, 
  the 
  original 
  idea 
  being 
  that 
  it 
  was 
  used 
  by 
  the 
  

   larva 
  in 
  obtaining 
  its 
  food. 
  This 
  error 
  has 
  been 
  copied 
  in 
  the 
  

   most 
  orthodox 
  " 
  follow-my-leader 
  " 
  fashion, 
  clearly 
  proving 
  

   that 
  the 
  various 
  stages 
  had 
  not 
  been 
  examined, 
  for 
  anyone 
  

   who 
  will 
  look 
  at 
  a 
  feeding 
  larva 
  will 
  see 
  at 
  once 
  that 
  the 
  

   anchor 
  process 
  is 
  not 
  present. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  Enock 
  said 
  that 
  although 
  all 
  authors 
  state 
  that 
  the 
  

   larva 
  fixes 
  itself 
  head 
  dotvmrards 
  and 
  towards 
  the 
  stem, 
  not 
  one 
  

   has 
  ever 
  explained 
  how 
  the 
  fly 
  emerges 
  from 
  this 
  position. 
  It 
  

   was 
  only 
  after 
  long 
  and 
  most 
  careful 
  observation 
  and 
  dis- 
  

   section 
  of 
  the 
  larva 
  in 
  its 
  third 
  stage 
  that 
  he 
  was 
  enabled 
  to 
  

   discover 
  the 
  true 
  purpose 
  of 
  this 
  small, 
  and 
  apparently 
  insig- 
  

   nificant, 
  piece 
  of 
  apparatus 
  known 
  as 
  the 
  " 
  anchor 
  process." 
  

   When 
  the 
  larva 
  has 
  arrived 
  at 
  full 
  growth 
  and 
  reached 
  the 
  

   puparium 
  state, 
  the 
  internal 
  larva 
  lies 
  dormant 
  during 
  the 
  

   winter 
  and 
  spring 
  months 
  until 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  May, 
  when 
  it 
  

   commences 
  to 
  reverse 
  its 
  position 
  and 
  turn 
  round 
  within 
  the 
  

   puparium. 
  This 
  it 
  is 
  enabled 
  to 
  do 
  by 
  pressing 
  the 
  bifid 
  points 
  

   of 
  the 
  anchor 
  process 
  against 
  the 
  inside 
  of 
  the 
  shell 
  ; 
  then 
  

   moving 
  its 
  body 
  a 
  short 
  distance 
  down 
  it 
  presses 
  the 
  sharp 
  

   dorsal 
  spines 
  into 
  the 
  opposite 
  side, 
  releases 
  the 
  auchor 
  pro- 
  

   cess, 
  and 
  fixing 
  it 
  a 
  little 
  higher 
  up 
  it 
  moves 
  the 
  body 
  a 
  little 
  

   round 
  and 
  downwards 
  ; 
  the 
  head 
  is 
  again 
  moved 
  ujncards, 
  and 
  

   so 
  these 
  movements 
  go 
  on 
  until 
  the 
  larva 
  has 
  completely 
  

   reversed 
  its 
  position 
  from 
  head 
  doinnvards 
  and 
  inwards 
  to 
  head 
  

   upwards 
  and 
  oiiticards 
  in 
  close 
  proximity 
  to 
  the 
  outer 
  leaf- 
  

   sheath. 
  The 
  larva 
  soon 
  changes 
  to 
  a 
  pupa, 
  casting 
  its 
  skin 
  and 
  

   anchor 
  process 
  ; 
  in 
  about 
  thirteen 
  days 
  the 
  fly 
  is 
  matured, 
  and 
  

  

  