﻿Markings 
  and 
  culounn<j 
  of 
  Lepidoptera. 
  167 
  

  

  P.S. 
  — 
  Note.— 
  Marc/?, 
  1891. 
  I 
  am 
  now 
  able 
  to 
  acid 
  

   that 
  the 
  colouring 
  of 
  the 
  spring 
  emergence 
  of 
  illustraria 
  

   is 
  as 
  much, 
  or 
  nearly 
  as 
  much, 
  affected 
  by 
  temperature 
  

   during 
  the 
  penultimate 
  pupal 
  period 
  as 
  is 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  

   summer 
  emergence. 
  This 
  has 
  been 
  established 
  in 
  the 
  

   case 
  of 
  three 
  different 
  broods, 
  portions 
  of 
  each 
  having 
  

   been 
  subjected 
  to 
  temperatures 
  of 
  60° 
  and 
  80° 
  respectively; 
  

   the 
  latter 
  often 
  in 
  colouring 
  very 
  closely 
  approach 
  the 
  

   light 
  chestnut-orange 
  summer 
  type. 
  This 
  is 
  interesting 
  

   in 
  reference 
  to 
  Prof. 
  Weismann's 
  theory, 
  that 
  in 
  cases 
  

   of 
  this 
  kind 
  the 
  moth 
  from 
  the 
  summer 
  pupa 
  can 
  be 
  

   caused 
  to 
  resemble 
  that 
  from 
  the 
  winter 
  pupa, 
  but 
  not 
  

   vice 
  versa, 
  as 
  it 
  shows 
  that 
  either 
  form 
  is 
  equally 
  ready, 
  

   on 
  the 
  suitable 
  temperature 
  stimulus 
  being 
  applied, 
  to 
  

   assume 
  the 
  characteristic 
  appearance 
  of 
  the 
  other, 
  

   so 
  far 
  as 
  colouring 
  is 
  concerned. 
  In 
  other 
  respects 
  my 
  

   observations 
  are 
  in 
  accord 
  with 
  that 
  theory. 
  Thus, 
  I 
  

   have 
  never 
  been 
  able 
  to 
  cause 
  the 
  moth 
  from 
  the 
  winter 
  

   pupa 
  to 
  take 
  the 
  markings 
  proper 
  to 
  the 
  moth 
  from 
  the 
  

   summer 
  pupa, 
  whereas 
  the 
  moth 
  from 
  the 
  summer 
  pupa 
  

   can 
  be 
  made 
  in 
  markings 
  to 
  resemble 
  almost 
  exactly 
  

   that 
  from 
  the 
  winter 
  pupa 
  ; 
  nor 
  have 
  I 
  been 
  able 
  to 
  

   cause 
  the 
  moth 
  from 
  the 
  winter 
  pupa 
  to 
  emerge 
  in 
  a 
  

   period 
  approaching 
  in 
  brevity 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  summer 
  pupa 
  ; 
  

   indeed, 
  in 
  the 
  great 
  majority 
  of 
  cases, 
  the 
  early 
  and 
  

   continued 
  exposure 
  of 
  the 
  winter 
  pupa 
  to 
  a 
  temperature 
  

   of 
  80°, 
  or 
  even 
  60°, 
  caused 
  its 
  death.— 
  F. 
  M. 
  

  

  