﻿Lepidoptera 
  collected 
  in 
  Madeira. 
  199 
  

  

  so 
  dark 
  as 
  the 
  Canary 
  form. 
  Nevertheless, 
  the 
  darker 
  

   forms 
  approach 
  cheiranthi 
  more 
  nearly 
  than 
  the 
  paler 
  

   ones 
  do 
  brassiccs. 
  The 
  two 
  spots 
  on 
  the 
  fore 
  wmgs 
  are 
  

   quite 
  twice 
  as 
  large 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  latter, 
  each 
  being 
  extended 
  

   over 
  the 
  two 
  veins 
  and 
  joined 
  together 
  in 
  the 
  centre 
  by 
  

   a 
  black 
  dusting 
  ; 
  the 
  black 
  dash 
  on 
  the 
  inner 
  margin 
  is 
  

   likewise 
  larger, 
  and 
  joined 
  to 
  the 
  lower 
  spot. 
  They 
  

   never, 
  however, 
  form 
  the 
  broad 
  band, 
  which 
  makes 
  

   cheiranthi 
  so 
  conspicuous 
  and 
  handsome 
  an 
  insect. 
  The 
  

   dark 
  apical 
  area 
  is 
  usually 
  as 
  large 
  and 
  as 
  dark 
  as 
  in 
  

   that 
  species. 
  The 
  yellowish 
  hue 
  of 
  the 
  secondaries 
  

   not 
  infrequently 
  extends 
  to 
  the 
  fore 
  wings 
  also, 
  a 
  

   circumstance 
  I 
  have 
  never 
  noticed 
  in 
  the 
  Canary 
  form. 
  

   The 
  colour 
  of 
  the 
  hind 
  wings 
  is 
  occasionally 
  quite 
  as 
  

   deep 
  as 
  the 
  paler 
  specimens 
  of 
  cheiranthi, 
  but, 
  as 
  a 
  rule, 
  

   they 
  (the 
  hind 
  wings) 
  are 
  paler, 
  and 
  the 
  black 
  marginal 
  

   spot 
  is 
  never 
  as 
  large. 
  On 
  the 
  under 
  surface 
  the 
  spots 
  

   are 
  always 
  decidedly 
  larger 
  than 
  in 
  hrassicce, 
  but 
  never 
  

   joined, 
  i. 
  e., 
  in 
  the 
  fifty 
  specimens 
  before 
  me, 
  as 
  they 
  are 
  

   in 
  cheiranthi, 
  whilst 
  the 
  colour 
  of 
  the 
  apical 
  area 
  and 
  

   secondaries 
  is 
  always 
  greener 
  and 
  greyer 
  than 
  in 
  our 
  

   common 
  species, 
  thus 
  deviating 
  in 
  exactly 
  the 
  opposite 
  

   direction 
  from 
  cheiranthi, 
  which 
  is 
  usually 
  of 
  such 
  a 
  

   handsome 
  deep 
  yellowish 
  buff. 
  It 
  is 
  clear 
  from 
  the 
  

   foregoing 
  that 
  we 
  have 
  here 
  a 
  distinct 
  transitional 
  form 
  

   from 
  hrassicce 
  to 
  cheiranthi, 
  without 
  having 
  to 
  go 
  so 
  far 
  

   as 
  India 
  for 
  it. 
  I 
  may 
  mention 
  also 
  that 
  my 
  largest 
  

   Madeira 
  specimens 
  are 
  not 
  so 
  large 
  as 
  the 
  smallest 
  

   Canary 
  one 
  I 
  have. 
  

  

  Colias 
  edusa, 
  F., 
  and 
  var. 
  helice, 
  Hb. 
  

   Common, 
  and 
  similar 
  to 
  the 
  European 
  form, 
  some 
  

   being, 
  however, 
  unusually 
  large. 
  

  

  Rhodocera 
  cleopatra 
  var. 
  maderensis, 
  Feld. 
  (PL 
  XII., 
  

   figs. 
  1, 
  la). 
  

  

  This 
  also 
  is 
  common 
  in 
  Madeira, 
  and 
  is 
  interesting, 
  

   inasmuch 
  as 
  it 
  forms 
  a 
  connecting 
  link 
  between 
  the 
  

   ordinary 
  Mediterranean 
  form 
  and 
  that 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  

   Canaries, 
  viz., 
  cleobule, 
  Hb. 
  The 
  Madeira 
  <? 
  specimens 
  

   have 
  the 
  whole 
  of 
  the 
  fore 
  wings 
  deep 
  reddish 
  orange 
  

   colour, 
  with 
  only 
  the 
  narrowest 
  border 
  of 
  yellow 
  at 
  the 
  

   apex 
  and 
  hind 
  margin, 
  and 
  the 
  hind 
  wings 
  are 
  also 
  of 
  a 
  

   somewhat 
  deeper 
  hue. 
  The 
  under 
  surface 
  is 
  likewise 
  of 
  

  

  